The characteristics of natural fibers have significant effects on properties of natural fiber/polymer composites (NFPCs). Herein, agricultural residues (ARs) fibers, including wheat straw (WS), rice straw (RS), rice husk (RH), sugarcane bagasse (SB), cotton stalk (CS), and Moso bamboo fiber (MB) were selected as reinforcement to fabricate NFPCs via extrusion processing. The chemical and physical properties of the fibers were determined. The mechanical properties, hygroscopicity, rheological properties, and dimensional stability of the resulting composites were studied. The MB fiber had the highest α-cellulose content (46.4 %), lignin content (26.4 %), and crystallinity index (60.2 %). The CS fiber contained the lowest α-cellulose content (29.1 %) and the highest extractive content (8.9 %). RS and RH fibers, which with much higher ash content than the other fibers, had the lowest lignin (11.9 %) and extractive (2.7 %) contents, respectively. A reduction of fiber length and L/D can be observed after extrusion. SB fibers (794.4 μm) was longer than other ARs fibers, and the MB and RH had the highest (3.6) and lowest (2.0) L/D, respectively. Addition of ARs fibers in HDPE can improve the tensile and flexural strength, and the mechanical modulus of composites was more than 3 times higher than HDPE. The best mechanical properties, dimensional stability, and thermostability were obtained for the MB-based composite. Composite filled with RH showed the poorest mechanical properties but the best processability. CS-and RS-based composites exhibited much lower Vicat softening temperature (85.57 °C and 87.24 °C) due to the lower α-cellulose content and higher extractive content in the fibers. The ARs had the great potential as fillers to prepare NFPCs. It is anticipated that the findings will provide useful design inputs for making construction and building materials.

天然纤维的特性对天然纤维/聚合物复合材料（NFPCs）的性能有显着影响。在此，选择农残（ARs）纤维，包括麦秆（WS）、稻草（RS）、稻壳（RH）、甘蔗渣（SB）、棉秆（CS）和毛竹纤维（MB）作为通过挤压加工增强以制造 NFPC。测定了纤维的化学和物理特性。研究了所得复合材料的力学性能、吸湿性、流变性能和尺寸稳定性。MB 纤维具有最高的 α-纤维素含量 (46.4%)、木质素含量 (26.4%) 和结晶度指数 (60.2%)。CS 纤维含有最低的 α-纤维素含量 (29.1%) 和最高的提取物含量 (8.9%)。RS和RH光纤，其灰分含量远高于其他纤维，分别具有最低的木质素 (11.9%) 和提取物 (2.7%) 含量。挤出后可以观察到纤维长度和 L/D 的减​​少。SB 纤维 (794.4 μm) 比其他 ARs 纤维长，MB 和 RH 分别具有最高 (3.6) 和最低 (2.0) L/D。在 HDPE 中加入 ARs 纤维可以提高拉伸和弯曲强度，复合材料的机械模量比 HDPE 高 3 倍以上。MB基复合材料获得了最佳的机械性能、尺寸稳定性和热稳定性。填充RH的复合材料机械性能最差，但加工性能最好。基于 CS 和 RS 的复合材料表现出低得多的维卡软化温度（85.57°C 和 87°C）。24 °C)，因为纤维中的 α-纤维素含量较低，提取物含量较高。AR 具有作为制备 NFPC 的填料的巨大潜力。预计这些发现将为制造建筑和建筑材料提供有用的设计输入。