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Experience is not enough: A dynamic explanation of the limited adaptation to extreme weather events in public organizations
Global Environmental Change ( IF 8.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-16 , DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102358
Fengxiu Zhang 1 , Spiro Maroulis 2
Affiliation  

This study advances theory articulating the micro-level processes behind public organization adaptation to extreme weather. It tackles a persistent puzzle about the limited adaptation to extreme weather among public organizations: why does adaptation remain deficit after public organizations have experienced repeated extreme weather and some catastrophic consequences? We develop a computational agent-based model that integrates extant theory and data from semi-structured interviews of U.S. public transit agency managers, and use the model to investigate how micro-level cognition and behavior interact with environmental constraints to facilitate or impede the diffusion of adaptation. We articulate in greater detail how experience with influential extreme weather events matters to adaptation, highlighting that such experience is insufficient for adaptation to occur. A key insight is that the potential benefits from both increased risk perception and additional financial resources stemming from disaster- or non-disaster-induced opportunities can be underutilized, absent effective coupling between heightened risk perception and availability of resources that creates windows for adaptation. Using this insight, we further identify managerial and policy interventions with maximum leverage to promote adaptation to extreme weather in public organizations. The experiments show that slowing risk perception decay and synchronizing opportunities with extreme weather occurrences can stimulate adaptation.



中文翻译:

经验还不够:公共组织对极端天气事件适应能力有限的动态解释

这项研究推进了阐明公共组织适应极端天气背后的微观过程的理论。它解决了一个关于公共组织对极端天气的适应能力有限的长期难题:为什么在公共组织多次经历极端天气和一些灾难性后果后,适应能力仍然不足?我们开发了一个基于计算代理的模型,该模型整合了美国公共交通机构经理半结构化访谈的现有理论和数据,并使用该模型研究微观认知和行为如何与环境约束相互作用,以促进或阻碍公共交通的传播。适应。我们更详细地阐述了具有影响力的极端天气事件的经验对适应的重要性,强调这种经验不足以使适应发生。一个关键的见解是,风险感知的增加和由灾害或非灾害引发的机会产生的额外财政资源的潜在好处可能没有得到充分利用,因为风险感知的增强与资源可用性之间缺乏有效的耦合,从而为适应创造了窗口。利用这一见解,我们进一步确定了具有最大影响力的管理和政策干预措施,以促进公共组织对极端天气的适应。实验表明,减缓风险认知衰退和将机会与极端天气事件同步可以刺激适应。一个关键的见解是,风险感知的增加和由灾害或非灾害引发的机会产生的额外财政资源的潜在好处可能没有得到充分利用,因为风险感知的增强与资源可用性之间缺乏有效的耦合,从而为适应创造了窗口。利用这一见解,我们进一步确定了具有最大影响力的管理和政策干预措施,以促进公共组织对极端天气的适应。实验表明,减缓风险感知衰退并与极端天气事件同步机会可以刺激适应。一个关键的见解是,风险感知的增加和由灾害或非灾害引发的机会产生的额外财政资源的潜在好处可能没有得到充分利用,因为风险感知的增强与资源可用性之间缺乏有效的耦合,从而为适应创造了窗口。利用这一见解,我们进一步确定了具有最大影响力的管理和政策干预措施,以促进公共组织对极端天气的适应。实验表明,减缓风险认知衰退和将机会与极端天气事件同步可以刺激适应。我们进一步确定具有最大影响力的管理和政策干预措施,以促进公共组织对极端天气的适应。实验表明,减缓风险认知衰退和将机会与极端天气事件同步可以刺激适应。我们进一步确定具有最大影响力的管理和政策干预措施,以促进公共组织对极端天气的适应。实验表明,减缓风险感知衰退并与极端天气事件同步机会可以刺激适应。

更新日期:2021-09-16
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