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Geomorphological information mapping of debris-covered ice landforms using Google Earth: An example from the Pico de Posets, Spanish Pyrenees
Geomorphology ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-16 , DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2021.107948
W. Brian Whalley 1
Affiliation  

Geomorphological mapping records ‘snapshots’, making it difficult to investigate change and sensitivity in changing environments. The high resolution now available in Google Earth (GE) permits re-investigation of landscape features/landforms previously recorded in the literature or mapped. Transects across geomorphologically interesting locations can be provided with decimal degree WGS 84 locations and bearings via GE. Landform elements are identified, located and coded onto transects that summarise geomorphological information. Transects crossing rock cliffs, scree slopes, snowpatches, protalus ramparts, ‘vanishing’ glaciers, moraines and rock glaciers are investigated using GE on the Pico de Posets in the Spanish Pyrenees. Observations of geometry/form, materials and processes involved in ice and sediment movement are linked to the Randolph Glacier Inventory and map records. The transect mapping shows that accumulated weathered rock debris insulated a remnant Little Ice Age glacier that formed a lateral moraine and a contiguous rock glacier as the glacier wasted down. Landforms previously considered to indicate permafrost are shown not to do so. Glacigenic formation of moraines, protalus rampart and rock glaciers provides the simplest explanation for their origin.



中文翻译:

使用 Google Earth 绘制碎片覆盖的冰地地貌地貌信息地图:以西班牙比利牛斯山的 Pico de Posets 为例

地貌测绘会记录“快照”,因此很难调查不断变化的环境中的变化和敏感性。谷歌地球 (GE) 中现在可用的高分辨率允许重新调查以前记录在文献中或地图上的景观特征/地貌。跨越地貌有趣位置的横断面可以通过 GE 提供十进制度 WGS 84 位置和方位。地貌要素被识别、定位并编码到总结地貌信息的断面上。使用 GE 在西班牙比利牛斯山的 Pico de Posets 上调查横穿岩石峭壁、碎石斜坡、积雪地、protalus 城墙、“消失的”冰川、冰碛和岩石冰川的横断面。几何/形状的观察,涉及冰和沉积物运动的材料和过程与伦道夫冰川清单和地图记录有关。横断面绘图显示,堆积的风化岩石碎片使残留的小冰河时代冰川绝缘,随着冰川的消退,该冰川形成了横向冰碛和连续的岩石冰川。以前被认为表明永久冻土的地貌没有这样做。冰碛、原生岩壁和岩石冰川的成冰形成为其起源提供了最简单的解释。

更新日期:2021-09-23
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