Over the past two decades, nanotechnology has been involved in an array of applications in various fields, including diagnostic kits, disease treatment, drug manufacturing, drug delivery, and gene therapy. But concerns about the toxicity of nanoparticles have greatly hindered their use; also, due to their increasing use in various industries, all members of society are exposed to the toxicity of these nanoparticles. Nanoparticles have a negative impact on various organs, including the reproductive system. They also can induce abortion in women, reduce fetal growth and development, and can damage the reproductive system and sperm morphology in men. In some cases, it has been observed that despite the modification of nanoparticles in composition, concentration, and method of administration, there is still damage to the reproductive organs. Therefore, understanding how nanoparticles affect the reproductive system is of very importance. In several studies, the nanoparticle toxicity effect on the genital organs has been investigated at the clinical and molecular levels using the in vivo and in vitro models. This study reviews these investigations and provides important data on the toxicity, hazards, and safety of nanoparticles in the reproductive system to facilitate the optimal use of nanoparticles in the industry.

在过去的二十年里，纳米技术在各个领域的一系列应用都有所涉及，包括诊断试剂盒、疾病治疗、药物制造、药物输送和基因治疗。但是对纳米粒子毒性的担忧极大地阻碍了它们的使用。此外，由于它们在各个行业中的使用越来越多，所有社会成员都暴露于这些纳米粒子的毒性。纳米粒子对包括生殖系统在内的各种器官都有负面影响。它们还可以导致女性流产，降低胎儿的生长发育，并可能损害男性的生殖系统和精子形态。在某些情况下，已观察到尽管纳米粒子的组成、浓度和给药方法有所改变，但对生殖器官仍存在损害。所以，了解纳米粒子如何影响生殖系统非常重要。在几项研究中，已经使用体内和体外模型在临床和分子水平上研究了纳米颗粒对生殖器官的毒性作用。本研究回顾了这些调查，并提供了有关纳米粒子在生殖系统中的毒性、危害和安全性的重要数据，以促进纳米粒子在行业中的最佳使用。