Abstract

Electrospinning is a productive, easy-to-design, and efficient method of producing polymer nanofibers with diameters ranging from hundreds of nanometers to a few micrometers. These dimensions make it possible to mimic the extracellular matrix of tissues quite closely, while the mild electrospinning conditions enable the use of biopolymers, including polysaccharides. Polysaccharides are attractive polymers for tissue engineering because of their unique properties, including biocompatibility, bioresorbability, interaction with cells by signaling mechanisms, ease of chemical modification, and availability. Many polysaccharides (e.g., sodium alginate, cellulose, chitin, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, and starch) have been used to obtain nonwoven materials by electrospinning. The major difficulty in electrospinning of polysaccharides remains their low spinnability; therefore, various carrier polymers, cosolvents, and additives are used to resolve this problem when preparing solutions for electrospinning. In this review, we consider the properties of polysaccharides as materials for tissue engineering, the main approaches to the electrospinning of polysaccharides, the factors affecting the process of electrospinning, and the use of polysaccharide matrices for the regeneration of soft tissues, nerves, bone tissue, cartilage and tendons, blood vessels, skin, and muscles.

中文翻译：

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用于组织工程应用的多糖的静电纺丝

摘要

静电纺丝是一种生产直径从数百纳米到几微米的聚合物纳米纤维的高效、易于设计和有效的方法。这些尺寸可以非常接近地模拟组织的细胞外基质，而温和的静电纺丝条件可以使用生物聚合物，包括多糖。多糖是组织工程的有吸引力的聚合物，因为它们具有独特的特性，包括生物相容性、生物可吸收性、通过信号机制与细胞相互作用、易于化学修饰和可用性。许多多糖（例如海藻酸钠、纤维素、几丁质、壳聚糖、透明质酸和淀粉）已被用于通过静电纺丝获得非织造材料。多糖静电纺丝的主要困难在于其可纺性低；因此，在制备静电纺丝溶液时，可以使用各种载体聚合物、助溶剂和添加剂来解决这个问题。在这篇综述中，我们考虑了多糖作为组织工程材料的特性，多糖静电纺丝的主要方法，影响静电纺丝过程的因素，以及多糖基质在软组织、神经、骨组织再生中的应用。 、软骨和肌腱、血管、皮肤和肌肉。