The domestication process exerts different phenotypic plasticity between slow- and fast-growing breeds of chicken. Feed restriction has a critical role in production performance, physiological plasticity, and stress response. Our study aimed to explore how feed restriction programed the organ index, dopamine, and hippocampal transcriptome profile between slow- and fast-growing chickens, which were fed either ad libitum (SA and FA), or feed restricted to 70% of ad libitum (SR and FR), for 30 days. Results showed that feed restriction influenced the brain organ index (P < 0.05), but not the organ index of the heart, liver, and spleen. The slow-growing breed tested had a higher brain organ index than the fast-growing breed (P < 0.05). Under feed restriction conditions, both the slow- and fast-growing breeds had significantly elevated dopamine concentrations (P < 0.05) compared to those fed ad libitum. In the GO term, upregulated genes in the FA group were enriched in the mitochondria, respiratory chain, and energy metabolism compared to the SA group (P < 0.05). Membranes and ribosomes were enriched in the cellular component between the SR and FR groups (P < 0.05). In the KEGG functional pathways, upregulated DEGs in the FR group were enriched in the cardiovascular disease category and neurodegenerative disease category compared to the FA group (P < 0.05). Downregulated DEGs in the FA group were enriched in the oxidative phosphorylation and neurodegenerative disease categories (Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease) compared with the SA group (P < 0.05). Upregulated DEGs in the FR group were enriched in the cardiovascular disease category, neurodegenerative disease category, and energy metabolism than the SR group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, feed restriction had profound effects on the brain organ index and plasma dopamine in the slow- and fast-growing chickens. Feed restriction may result in issues relating to cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases in the fast-growing breed tested, but not in the slow-growing breed.

驯化过程在生长缓慢和快速生长的鸡品种之间产生不同的表型可塑性。饲料限制在生产性能、生理可塑性和应激反应中起着关键作用。我们的研究旨在探索饲料限制如何编程生长缓慢和快速生长的鸡之间的器官指数、多巴胺和海马转录组谱随意 （SA 和 FA），或饲料限制为 70% 随意（SR 和 FR），为期 30 天。结果表明，限食会影响脑器官指数（磷< 0.05)，但不是心脏、肝脏和脾脏的器官指数。测试的缓慢生长品种的脑器官指数高于快速生长的品种（磷< 0.05)。在限饲条件下，生长缓慢和快速生长的品种的多巴胺浓度均显着升高。磷 < 0.05) 与喂食者相比 随意. 在GO术语中，与SA组相比，FA组中上调的基因在线粒体、呼吸链和能量代谢中富集。磷< 0.05)。膜和核糖体富含 SR 和 FR 组之间的细胞成分（磷< 0.05)。在 KEGG 功能通路中，与 FA 组相比，FR 组中上调的 DEG 在心血管疾病类别和神经退行性疾病类别中富集。磷< 0.05)。与 SA 组相比，FA 组中下调的 DEG 在氧化磷酸化和神经退行性疾病类别（帕金森病和亨廷顿病）中富集。磷< 0.05)。与SR组相比，FR组中上调的DEG在心血管疾病类别、神经退行性疾病类别和能量代谢中更丰富。磷< 0.05)。总之，饲料限制对生长缓慢和快速生长的鸡的脑器官指数和血浆多巴胺有深远的影响。在测试的快速生长品种中，饲料限制可能会导致与心血管和神经退行性疾病相关的问题，但在生长缓慢的品种中则不会。