The exploitation of heterosis through hybrid breeding is one of the major breeding objectives for productivity increase in crop plants. This research analyzes the genetic basis of heterosis in Brassica juncea by using a doubled haploid (DH) mapping population derived from F₁ between two heterotic inbred parents, one belonging to the Indian and the other belonging to the east European gene pool, and their two corresponding sets of backcross hybrids. An Illumina Infinium Brassica 90K SNP array-based genetic map was used to identify yield influencing quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to plant architecture, flowering, and silique- and seed-related traits using five different data sets from multiple trials, allowing the estimation of additive and dominance effects, as well as digenic epistatic interactions. In total, 695 additive QTL were detected for the 14 traits in the three trials using five data sets, with overdominance observed to be the predominant type of effect in determining the expression of heterotic QTL. The results indicated that the design in the present study was efficient for identifying common QTL across multiple trials and populations, which constitute a valuable resource for marker-assisted selection and further research. In addition, a total of 637 epistatic loci were identified, and it was concluded that epistasis among loci without detectable main effects plays an important role in controlling heterosis in yield of B. juncea.

通过杂交育种开发杂种优势是提高作物生产力的主要育种目标之一。本研究分析了杂种优势的遗传基础芥菜通过使用源自 F _{1 的双}单倍体 (DH) 作图群体在两个杂种优势近交亲本之间，一个属于印度人，另一个属于东欧基因库，以及它们对应的两组回交杂种。基于 Illumina Infinium Brassica 90K SNP 阵列的遗传图谱用于使用来自多个试验的五个不同数据集来识别与植物结构、开花以及长角果和种子相关性状相关的产量影响数量性状基因座 (QTL)，从而允许估计加性和优势效应，以及双基因上位相互作用。在使用五个数据集的三项试验中，总共检测到 14 个性状的 695 个加性 QTL，在确定杂种优势 QTL 表达的过程中，观察到过度优势是主要的影响类型。结果表明，本研究中的设计可有效识别跨多个试验和群体的共同 QTL，这构成了标记辅助选择和进一步研究的宝贵资源。此外，共鉴定出 637 个上位性位点，可以得出结论，没有检测到主效应的位点之间的上位性在控制杂种优势的产量中起着重要作用。芥菜.