This study shows that the hard-to-remove rust layer on the guide sleeve surface of a used cylinder can be removed using a specially developed, environmentally friendly formula for cleaning rust. Furthermore, we studied the rust removal technology that is based on ultrasonic cavitation and chemical etching. The surface morphology and structural components of the rust layer were observed using an electron microscope and an X-ray powder diffractometer. These tools were used to explore the mechanism of combined rust removal. Using response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD), with the rust removal rate as our index of evaluation, data were analyzed to establish a response surface model that can determine the effect of cleaning temperature and ultrasonic power interaction on the rate of rust removal. Results showed that the main components of the rust layer on a 45 steel guide sleeve were α-FeOOH, γ-FeOOH, and Fe₃O₄. The rust was unevenly distributed with a loose structure, which was easily corroded by chemical reagents and peeled off under ultrasonic cavitation. With the increase in the cleaning temperature, the chemical reaction effect was intensified, and the cleaning ability was enhanced. With the increase in ultrasonic power, the cavitation effect was aggravated, the ultrasonic agitation was enhanced, and the rust removal rate was improved. According to response surface analysis and the application scope of the rust remover, we determined that the optimal cleaning temperature is 55 °C, and that the optimal ultrasonic power is 2880 W. The descaling rate under these parameters is 0.15 g·min⁻¹·m⁻².

中文翻译：

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生态友好的超声波除锈：基于响应面方法的经验优化

这项研究表明，使用专门开发的环保除锈配方可以去除使用过的气缸导套表面上难以去除的锈层。此外，我们研究了基于超声波空化和化学蚀刻的除锈技术。使用电子显微镜和X射线粉末衍射仪观察锈层的表面形貌和结构成分。这些工具被用来探索联合除锈的机制。采用响应面法（RSM）和中心复合设计（CCD），以除锈率作为评价指标，对数据进行分析，建立响应面模型，确定清洗温度和超声功率相互作用对除锈率的影响除锈。₃ O ₄。锈迹分布不均，结构松散，易被化学试剂腐蚀，在超声空化作用下易剥落。随着清洗温度的升高，化学反应作用增强，清洗能力增强。随着超声功率的增加，空化效应加剧，超声搅拌增强，除锈率提高。根据响应面分析和除锈剂的适用范围，我们确定最佳清洗温度为55℃，最佳超声波功率为2880 W。这些参数下的除垢率为0.15 g·min ^-1 ·米^-2。