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A Lifespan Development Theory of Insecure Attachment and Internalizing Symptoms: Integrating Meta-Analytic Evidence via a Testable Evolutionary Mis/Match Hypothesis
Brain Sciences ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-16 , DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091226
Or Dagan 1 , Ashley M Groh 2 , Sheri Madigan 3 , Kristin Bernard 1
Affiliation  

Attachment scholars have long argued that insecure attachment patterns are associated with vulnerability to internalizing symptoms, such as depression and anxiety symptoms. However, accumulating evidence from the past four decades, summarized in four large meta-analyses evaluating the link between insecure attachment subtypes and internalizing symptoms, provide divergent evidence for this claim. This divergent evidence may be accounted for, at least in part, by the developmental period under examination. Specifically, children with histories of deactivating (i.e., insecure/avoidant) but not hyperactivating (i.e., insecure/resistant) attachment patterns in infancy and early childhood showed elevated internalizing symptoms. In contrast, adolescents and adults with hyperactivating (i.e., insecure/preoccupied) but not deactivating (i.e., insecure/dismissing) attachment classifications showed elevated internalizing symptoms. In this paper, we summarize findings from four large meta-analyses and highlight the divergent meta-analytic findings that emerge across different developmental periods. We first present several potential methodological issues that may have contributed to these divergent findings. Then, we leverage clinical, developmental, and evolutionary perspectives to propose a testable lifespan development theory of attachment and internalizing symptoms that integrates findings across meta-analyses. According to this theory, subtypes of insecure attachment patterns may be differentially linked to internalizing symptoms depending on their mis/match with the developmentally appropriate orientation tendency toward caregivers (in childhood) or away from them (i.e., toward greater independence in post-childhood). Lastly, we offer future research directions to test this theory.

中文翻译:

不安全依恋和内化症状的寿命发展理论:通过可测试的进化错误/匹配假设整合元分析证据

依恋学者长期以来一直认为,不安全的依恋模式与内化症状(如抑郁和焦虑症状)的脆弱性有关。然而,从过去四年积累的证据,总结在四项大型荟萃分析中,评估不安全依恋亚型之间的联系和内化症状,为这种说法提供了不同的证据。这种不同的证据至少部分可以由所研究的发展时期来解释。具体而言,在婴儿期和儿童早期有失活(即不安全/回避)但没有过度激活(即不安全/抗拒)依恋模式历史的儿童表现出内化症状升高。相比之下,具有过度激活(即不安全/全神贯注)但未停用(即不安全/不重视)依恋分类的青少年和成人表现出内化症状升高。在本文中,我们总结了四项大型荟萃分析的结果,并强调了不同发展时期出现的不同荟萃分析结果。我们首先提出了几个可能导致这些不同发现的潜在方法问题。然后,我们利用临床、发展和进化的观点来提出一个可测试的依恋和内化症状的寿命发展理论,该理论整合了元分析中的发现。根据这一理论,不安全依恋模式的亚型可能与内化症状有不同的联系,这取决于它们与发育上适当的倾向倾向(在儿童时期)或远离照顾者(即,在儿童后期更加独立)的错误/匹配。 . 最后,我们提供了未来的研究方向来检验这一理论。和进化观点提出了一个可测试的依恋和内化症状的寿命发展理论,该理论整合了元分析中的发现。根据这一理论,不安全依恋模式的亚型可能与内化症状有不同的联系,这取决于它们与发育上适当的倾向倾向(在儿童时期)或远离照顾者(即,在儿童后期更加独立)的错误/匹配。 . 最后,我们提供了未来的研究方向来检验这一理论。和进化观点提出了一个可测试的依恋和内化症状的寿命发展理论,该理论整合了元分析中的发现。根据这一理论,不安全依恋模式的亚型可能与内化症状有不同的联系,这取决于它们与发育上适当的倾向倾向(在儿童时期)或远离照顾者(即,在儿童后期更加独立)的错误/匹配。 . 最后,我们提供了未来的研究方向来检验这一理论。不安全依恋模式的亚型可能与内化症状有不同的联系,这取决于它们与发育适当的取向倾向(在儿童时期)或远离照顾者(即,在儿童后期更加独立)的错误/匹配。最后,我们提供了未来的研究方向来检验这一理论。不安全依恋模式的亚型可能与内化症状有不同的联系,这取决于它们与发育适当的取向倾向(在儿童时期)或远离照顾者(即,在儿童后期更加独立)的错误/匹配。最后,我们提供了未来的研究方向来检验这一理论。
更新日期:2021-09-16
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