Natural bioactive compounds from food waste have fomented interest in food and pharmaceutical industries for the past decade. In this work, it purposed the recovery of bioactive avocado peel extract using an environmentally friendly technique: the ultrasound assisted extraction. The response surface methodology was applied in order to optimize the conditions of the extraction, ethanol-water mixtures and time. The optimized extracts (ethanol 38.46%, 44.06 min, and 50 °C) were chemically characterized by HPLC-ESI-MS and FTIR. Its antioxidant ability, as well as, its effect on cell metabolic activity of normal (L929) and cancer (Caco-2, A549 and HeLa) cell lines were assessed. Aqueous ethanol extracts presented a high content in bioactive compounds with high antioxidant potential. The most representative class of the phenolic compounds found in the avocado peel extract were phenolic acids, such as hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids. Another important chemical group detected were the flavonoids, such as flavanols, flavanonols, flavones, flavanones and chalcone, phenylethanoids and lignans. In terms of its influence on the metabolic activity of normal and cancer cell lines, the extract does not significantly affect normal cells. On the other hand, it can negatively affect cancer cells, particularly HeLa cells. These results clearly demonstrated that ultrasound is a sustainable extraction technique, resulting in extracts with low toxicity in normal cells and with potential application in food, pharmaceutical or nutraceutical sectors.

中文翻译：

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开发通过超声波从牛油果皮中提取的生物活性分子的潜力——食品和保健品应用


过去十年，来自食物垃圾的天然生物活性化合物引起了人们对食品和制药行业的兴趣。在这项工作中，它的目的是使用一种环保技术：超声波辅助提取来回收具有生物活性的鳄梨皮提取物。应用响应面方法来优化提取条件、乙醇-水混合物和时间。通过 HPLC-ESI-MS 和 FTIR 对优化的提取物（乙醇 38.46%、44.06 分钟和 50 °C）进行化学表征。评估了其抗氧化能力以及对正常（L929）和癌症（Caco-2、A549 和 HeLa）细胞系的细胞代谢活性的影响。乙醇水提取物含有高含量的生物活性化合物，具有高抗氧化潜力。鳄梨皮提取物中最具代表性的酚类化合物是酚酸，例如羟基苯甲酸和羟基肉桂酸。检测到的另一个重要的化学基团是类黄酮，例如黄烷醇、黄烷酮醇、黄酮、黄烷酮和查尔酮、苯乙醇和木酚素。就其对正常细胞系和癌细胞系代谢活性的影响而言，提取物不会显着影响正常细胞。另一方面，它会对癌细胞，特别是 HeLa 细胞产生负面影响。这些结果清楚地表明，超声波是一种可持续的提取技术，提取物对正常细胞毒性较低，并且在食品、制药或营养保健品领域具有潜在的应用前景。