The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound found in rosemary plants (Salvia rosmarinus) named carnosic acid during the transition period of dairy cows. From day 1 to 3 after calving, 16 multiparous Holstein cows received a daily intravenous infusion of either 500 mL of saline (NaCl 0.9%; Saline; n = 8) or carnosic acid at a rate of 0.3 mg/kg of BW supplied in 500 mL of saline (CA; n = 8). Blood samples were taken at –7, 2, 5, 7, 14, and 21 d relative to parturition, then analyzed for metabolites related to energy metabolism, muscle mass catabolism, liver function, inflammation, and oxidative stress. CA infusion tended to improve milk performance; however, DMI was unaffected by treatment. At 2 d relative to parturition, CA cows had lower blood concentrations of haptoglobin, paraoxonase, FRAP, and NO₂^– than saline cows. After treatment infusions, haptoglobin remained lower in CA cows than saline at 5 d relative to parturition. Our results demonstrate that carnosic acid promoted positive responses on inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers and may promote beneficial effects on lactation performance in peripartal dairy cows.

中文翻译：

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产后早期静脉输注鼠尾草酸对转产奶牛生理反应影响的探讨

本研究的目的是评估在奶牛过渡期在迷迭香植物（Salvia rosmarinus）中发现的一种名为鼠尾草酸的抗氧化和抗炎化合物的作用。从产犊后的第 1 天到第 3 天，16 头经产荷斯坦奶牛每天接受静脉输注 500 mL 盐水（NaCl 0.9%；盐水；n = 8）或鼠尾草酸，按 0.3 mg/kg BW 的比例提供 500毫升生理盐水 (CA; n= 8）。在与分娩相关的第 7、2、5、7、14 和 21 天采集血样，然后分析与能量代谢、肌肉质量分解代谢、肝功能、炎症和氧化应激相关的代谢物。CA 输注倾向于改善牛奶性能；然而，DMI 不受治疗的影响。在相对于分娩2 d，CA奶牛有触珠蛋白，对氧磷酶，FRAP，与NO的降低血液浓度₂ ^-比盐水奶牛。治疗输注后，与分娩相比，CA 奶牛在第 5 天时的触珠蛋白仍低于生理盐水。我们的结果表明，鼠尾草酸促进了对炎症和氧化应激生物标志物的积极反应，并可能对围产期奶牛的泌乳性能产生有益影响。