In the eastern part of India, rice as the most vital staple food crop supports as well the livelihood security of a vast population. Rice is mostly grown under conventional flooded culture without proper nutrient management. Crop performance, water productivity and economic profitability of rice cultivation need to be assessed under water-saving rice production methodologies with proper integrated plant nutrient management strategies using locally available low-cost nutrient sources. A field trial was conducted at the Adaptive Research Farm, Polba (58.57 m msl), Agriculture Department, West Bengal, India, during the rainy/wet seasons of 2014 and 2015 under aerobic culture, the system of rice intensification (SRI) and conventional flooded culture. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of integrated plant nutrition and water-saving rice production methodologies on the crop performance and water productivity of rice and analyse the economic profitability of rice under different nutritional management and crop production methods such as aerobic culture, conventional flooded and SRI with an objective of sustainability in rice cultivation in the agroclimatic region. The results revealed that crop productivity significantly (p ≤ 0.05) varied from 4.68 t ha⁻¹ (average yield recorded under aerobic culture) to 6.21 t ha⁻¹ (average yield as achieved under SRI). Cultivation of rice under aerobic and conventional culture resulted in 24.6% and 20.9% yield reduction respectively as compared to SRI. Integrating 75% of the recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through chemicals with 25% RDN from vermicompost resulted in maximum crop productivity irrespective of crop culture. Aerobic rice culture registered maximum water economy in terms of both irrigation water productivity and total productivity. The study concludes that, for maximization of economic profitability, value cost ratio and partial factor productivity of nutrients the SRI method can be adopted along with integrated nutrient management (75% of RDN through chemicals with 25% RDN from vermicompost) in the lower Indo-Gangetic Plain Zone (IGPZ) of West Bengal, India.

中文翻译：

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作物种植方法和综合营养管理改善：第一部分. 印度下游印度恒河平原水稻 (Oryza Sativa L.) 的作物性能、水生产力和盈利能力

在印度东部，水稻作为最重要的主粮作物，支撑着广大人口的生计安全。水稻大多是在没有适当营养管理的情况下在传统的淹水栽培下种植的。需要在节水水稻生产方法下评估水稻种植的作物性能、水生产力和经济盈利能力，并采用适当的综合植物养分管理策略，使用当地可用的低成本养分来源。在 2014 年和 2015 年雨季/雨季，在印度西孟加拉邦农业部 Polba（58.57 m msl）的适应性研究农场进行了一项田间试验，采用好氧栽培、水稻集约化 (SRI) 系统和常规淹没文化。试验旨在评估综合植物营养和节水水稻生产方法对水稻作物性能和水分生产力的影响，并分析在不同营养管理和作物生产方法（如好氧栽培、常规淹水）下水稻的经济收益。和 SRI，其目标是农业气候区水稻种植的可持续性。结果表明，作物生产力显着（p ≤ 0.05) 从 4.68 t ha ^-1（在需氧培养下记录的平均产量）到 6.21 t ha ^{-1 不等}（在 SRI 下实现的平均产量）。与 SRI 相比，在需氧和常规培养下种植水稻分别导致 24.6% 和 20.9% 的产量减少。将 75% 推荐剂量的氮 (RDN) 通过化学品与 25% 来自蚯蚓堆肥的 RDN 相结合，无论作物培养情况如何，都能实现最大的作物生产力。好氧水稻栽培在灌溉水生产力和总生产力方面都取得了最大的水经济性。该研究得出的结论是，为了最大限度地提高经济盈利能力、价值成本比和养分的部分要素生产力，可以在印度下游地区采用 SRI 方法以及综合养分管理（75% 的 RDN 通过化学品和 25% 的来自蚯蚓堆肥的 RDN）。印度西孟加拉邦恒河平原区 (IGPZ)。