The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) can be challenging, with up to 20% of patients who attend subspecialty clinics for a second opinion being misdiagnosed with MS.^1,2 Part of this diagnostic challenge relates to the lack of a sensitive and specific biomarker for the diagnosis of MS. To overcome this challenge, diagnostic criteria have been developed with the goal of securing an accurate diagnosis in a timely manner while avoiding misdiagnosis. These criteria have been refined since Charcot's initial description of MS over 150 years ago, with significant changes in diagnostic criteria occurring over the past 30 years. The focus of the most recent iterations of MS diagnostic criteria has been to improve the speed of diagnosis to allow early treatment of appropriate patients in the disease-modifying therapy (DMT) era.

多发性硬化症 (MS) 的诊断可能具有挑战性，多达 20% 的患者在前往亚专科诊所寻求第二意见时被误诊为 MS。^1,2这一诊断挑战的一部分与缺乏用于诊断 MS 的敏感和特异的生物标志物有关。为了克服这一挑战，已经制定了诊断标准，目的是确保及时准确诊断，同时避免误诊。自 150 多年前 Charcot 首次描述 MS 以来，这些标准已经得到完善，过去 30 年诊断标准发生了重大变化。最新版本的 MS 诊断标准的重点是提高诊断速度，以便在疾病改善疗法 (DMT) 时代对合适的患者进行早期治疗。