In recent years, knowledge of cardiac regeneration mechanisms has dramatically expanded. Regeneration can replace lost parts of organs, common among animal species. The heart is commonly considered an organ with terminal development, which has no reparability potential during post-natal life. However, some intrinsic regeneration capacity has been reported for cardiac muscle, which opens novel avenues in cardiovascular disease treatment. Different endogenous mechanisms have been studied for cardiac repairing and regeneration in recent decades. Survival, proliferation, inflammation, angiogenesis, cell-cell communication, cardiomyogenesis, and anti-aging pathways are the most important mechanisms that have been studied in this regard. Several in vitro and animal model studies focused on proliferation induction for cardiac regeneration reported promising results. These studies have mainly focused on promoting proliferation signaling pathways and demonstrated various signaling pathways such as Wnt, PI3K/Akt, IGF- 1, TGF-β, Hippo, and VEGF signaling cardiac regeneration. Therefore, in this review, we intend to discuss the connection between different critical signaling pathways in cardiac repair and regeneration.

中文翻译：

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信号通路在心脏再生中的作用。

近年来，关于心脏再生机制的知识急剧扩展。再生可以替换器官的丢失部分，这在动物物种中很常见。心脏通常被认为是具有终末发育的器官，在出生后没有可修复的潜力。然而，据报道，心肌有一些内在的再生能力，这为心血管疾病的治疗开辟了新途径。近几十年来，已经研究了不同的内源性机制用于心脏修复和再生。生存、增殖、炎症、血管生成、细胞间通讯、心肌生成和抗衰老途径是在这方面研究的最重要的机制。几项专注于心脏再生增殖诱导的体外和动物模型研究报告了有希望的结果。这些研究主要集中在促进增殖信号通路上，并展示了多种信号通路，如 Wnt、PI3K/Akt、IGF-1、TGF-β、Hippo 和 VEGF 信号传导心脏再生。因此，在这篇综述中，我们打算讨论心脏修复和再生中不同关键信号通路之间的联系。