Hyperactive immunity mediates the development and progression of various immuno-inflammatory diseases. However, the use of immunosuppressive or anti-inflammatory agents has been largely restricted either by off-target side effects or by individual interaction site. Here, we describe a biomimetic manipulation strategy for immunosuppression by crosstalk with regulatory T (Treg) cell membrane-coated nanoparticles. Due to the reservation of intrinsic membrane proteins and function from Treg cells, coated nanoparticles can directly interact with multifaceted overactive immune cells. By virtue of this unique characteristic, nanoparticulate Treg cells inhibit macrophage-osteoclast differentiation, the maturation of dendritic cells, and the activation of effector T cells. In both murine and canine models of periodontitis, these nanoparticles successfully suppress excessive immune responses, alleviating inflammation and curbing alveolar bone resorption. Our work reveals how dysregulated immune responses can be effectively manipulated by biomimetic immunomodulation and proposes the utilization of nanoparticulate Treg cells as a promising approach to treat immuno-inflammatory diseases.

过度活跃的免疫介导了各种免疫炎症性疾病的发生和发展。然而，免疫抑制剂或抗炎药的使用在很大程度上受到脱靶副作用或个体相互作用位点的限制。在这里，我们描述了一种通过与调节性 T (Treg) 细胞膜纳米粒子串扰进行免疫抑制的仿生操作策略。由于保留了 Treg 细胞的内在膜蛋白和功能，包被的纳米粒子可以直接与多方面的过度活跃的免疫细胞相互作用。凭借这种独特的特性，纳米颗粒 Treg 细胞抑制巨噬细胞-破骨细胞分化、树突细胞的成熟和效应 T 细胞的激活。在小鼠和犬牙周炎模型中，这些纳米颗粒成功地抑制了过度的免疫反应，减轻了炎症并抑制了牙槽骨吸收。我们的工作揭示了如何通过仿生免疫调节有效地操纵失调的免疫反应，并提出利用纳米颗粒 Treg 细胞作为治疗免疫炎症疾病的一种有前途的方法。