Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive (grade IV) gliomas characterized by a high rate of recurrence, resistance to therapy and a grim survival prognosis. The long-awaited improvement in GBM patients’ survival rates essentially depends on advances in the development of new therapeutic approaches. Recent preclinical studies show that nanoscale materials could greatly contribute to the improvement of diagnosis and management of brain cancers. In the current review, we will discuss how specific features of glioma pathobiology can be employed for designing efficient targeting approaches. Moreover, we will summarize the main evidence for the potential of the IL-13R alpha 2 receptor (IL13α2R) targeting in GBM early diagnosis and experimental therapy.

胶质母细胞瘤 (GBM) 是最具侵袭性（IV 级）的胶质瘤之一，其特点是复发率高、对治疗有抵抗力和生存预后严峻。期待已久的 GBM 患者生存率的提高基本上取决于新治疗方法开发的进展。最近的临床前研究表明，纳米级材料可以极大地促进脑癌诊断和管理的改进。在当前的审查中，我们将讨论如何利用神经胶质瘤病理学的具体特征来设计有效的靶向方法。此外，我们将总结 IL-13R α2 受体 (IL13α2R) 靶向在 GBM 早期诊断和实验治疗中的潜力的主要证据。