The article is focused on the problems of diagnosis of personality disorders which are solved slightly differently in DSM-5 and ICD-11. It is shown that the current dimensional models are eclectic and do not provide a sufficient explanation of personality disorders, especially their course and dynamical changes. Alternative models of temperament and its neurobiological basis seem to be needed. The alliance between categorical and dimensional approaches is considered as the best way for understanding human personality and the causes of human behavior. The conceptual basis of personality supposes an analysis of personality disorders at different levels, including those which are predominantly based on biology or social influences. The systemic bottom-up and top-down approaches in analysis are considered as promising.

这篇文章的重点是人格障碍的诊断问题，这些问题在 DSM-5 和 ICD-11 中略有不同。结果表明，当前的维度模型是折衷的，不能对人格障碍提供充分的解释，尤其是它们的过程和动态变化。气质及其神经生物学基础的替代模型似乎是必要的。分类方法和维度方法之间的联盟被认为是理解人类个性和人类行为原因的最佳方式。人格的概念基础假设对不同层次的人格障碍进行分析，包括主要基于生物学或社会影响的人格障碍。分析中的系统自下而上和自上而下的方法被认为是有前途的。