Background

Pre-gaming, or drinking before going out, is common among young adults and associated with heavier drinking and negative consequences. However, findings have been mixed as to whether a unique, day-level association between pre-gaming and negative consequences exists independent of alcohol intake. It is also unknown whether young adults experience more positive consequences of alcohol use on days they engage in pre-gaming. This study tested day-level associations between pre-gaming and positive and negative consequences, controlling for same-day alcohol intake, as well as whether these associations were moderated by person- and day-level variables.

Methods

Participants were 148 young adult heavy drinkers (M_age = 20.30, SD_age = 1.45, 57.4% female) who reported past-month simultaneous alcohol and marijuana use. For up to 14 consecutive days, participants completed electronic surveys asking about their drinking behaviors and consequences the previous day.

Results

Prior to adjusting for alcohol intake, Poisson multilevel models showed that participants reported more negative and positive consequences on days they pre-gamed and those who reported pre-gaming more often throughout the study also experienced more negative and positive consequences overall. After controlling for alcohol intake, a positive, day-level association between pre-gaming and positive consequences remained. There was no evidence of moderation of study associations by person- or day-level variables.

Conclusion

The unique association between pre-gaming and positive consequences may help explain why pre-gaming is linked with heavy drinking and other risky behaviors as positive consequences have been shown to reinforce such behaviors. Findings suggest pre-gaming may be a useful intervention point for alcohol reduction programs.

中文翻译：

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年轻人赛前饮酒及其与积极和消极酒精后果的关系

背景

游戏前或外出前饮酒在年轻人中很常见，并且会导致大量饮酒和负面后果。然而，关于游戏前和负面后果之间是否存在独立于酒精摄入的独特的、日间关联，研究结果喜忧参半。同样未知的是，年轻人在玩游戏前的日子里是否会经历更积极的饮酒后果。这项研究测试了游戏前与积极和消极后果之间的日级关联，控制了当天的酒精摄入量，以及这些关联是否受到个人和日级变量的调节。

方法

参与者是 148 名年轻的重度饮酒者（M_年龄 = 20.30，SD_年龄 = 1.45，57.4% 为女性），她们报告过去一个月同时饮酒和吸食大麻。在最多连续 14 天的时间里，参与者完成了电子调查，询问他们前一天的饮酒行为和后果。

结果

在调整酒精摄入量之前，泊松多层次模型表明，参与者在赛前几天报告了更多的负面和积极后果，而那些在整个研究过程中更频繁地报告赛前比赛的人总体上也经历了更多的负面和积极后果。在控制酒精摄入量后，游戏前和积极后果之间仍然存在积极的日间关联。没有证据表明人或天级别的变量会调节研究关联。

结论

游戏前和积极后果之间的独特联系可能有助于解释为什么游戏前与大量​​饮酒和其他危险行为有关，因为积极的后果已被证明可以强化此类行为。研究结果表明，游戏前可能是减少酒精计划的一个有用的干预点。