With the development of human civilization, the international situation is becoming more and more diversified and multipolar. Public health and safety issues have attracted increasing attention. To develop in situ, real-time and sensitive on-site detection technology is the key element to deal with public safety events. Fluorescent probes are increasingly used in the detection of public safety and public health due to their high selectivity, rapid response and simplicity. Based on the existing knowledge and our experiences, in this review, we comprehensively discuss the molecular design approaches of fluorescence probes in the field of public safety and health, and highlight the state-of-the-art paradigms in analytes detection, such as various narcotics, food additives, latent fingerprints, explosives and poisons. Moreover, the challenges and issues that need to be addressed in the future and a perspective in this research field are also provided. We hope this Review will give a general guidance and complementary insights for the future development of intelligently designed fluorescent probes, spurring the use in practice.

随着人类文明的发展，国际形势越来越多元化、多极化。公共卫生和安全问题已引起越来越多的关注。发展原位、实时、灵敏的现场检测技术是应对公共安全事件的关键。荧光探针因其高选择性、快速响应和简单性而越来越多地用于公共安全和公共卫生的检测。基于现有知识和我们的经验，在这篇综述中，我们全面讨论了荧光探针在公共安全和健康领域的分子设计方法，并强调了分析物检测的最新范式，例如各种毒品、食品添加剂、潜指纹、爆炸物和毒药。而且，还提供了未来需要解决的挑战和问题以及该研究领域的前景。我们希望这篇综述能为智能设计的荧光探针的未来发展提供一般指导和补充见解，促进其在实践中的应用。