In this study, we examined the impact of airport use agreements on the cost efficiency of large and medium U.S. hub airports in the years between 2009 and 2019 using a stochastic cost frontier model. We found that residual airports were less cost-efficient than compensatory and hybrid airports. The cost inefficiency in turn may translate into higher user fees for the signatory airlines. The result suggests that the residual rate-setting method may exert a moral hazard problem of airport management, because under such method, any cost deficit incurred by the airport will be covered by the signatory airlines, and this arrangement effectively shifts the risk of airport budget shortfall away from airport management.

在本研究中，我们使用随机成本前沿模型研究了 2009 年至 2019 年间机场使用协议对美国大中型枢纽机场成本效率的影响。我们发现剩余机场的成本效益低于补偿机场和混合机场。反过来，成本效率低下可能会转化为签约航空公司更高的用户费用。结果表明，剩余费率设置法可能会产生机场管理的道德风险问题，因为在这种方法下，机场产生的任何成本赤字都将由签约航空公司承担，这种安排有效地转移了机场预算的风险。机场管理方面的不足。