The electronic structure of the carbon-based nanomaterials can be modulated by doping heteroatoms into them. When nitrogen is doped into the graphene structure with different bonding configurations, it changes the material's electronic properties in a variety of ways. Because of the tuned electronic properties, nitrogen-doped graphene (N-G) is applicable in electrochemical systems as catalyst. Despite having tremendous prospects, a holistic view of the structural and functional properties of N-G is still unclear. Moreover, to our knowledge, significant findings on the properties of N-G are not well documented yet, which creates an obstacle to the further improvement of this nanomaterial. Keeping our focus on the catalytic activities, in this paper, we presented an in-detailed review of the overall chemical structure and functional properties of N-G nanomaterials. Starting from the structural properties of major precursor materials for N-G synthesis, we reviewed the physical features and its dependence on the synthesis parameters. Also, a detailed study has been conducted on the key nitrogen functional groups' structural properties, favorable formation environment, influence on the electronic structure of N-G, and role in the catalytic activity. Current progress on the stability of N-G nanocatalysts is reported with an insight into the degradation mechanism.

碳基纳米材料的电子结构可以通过掺杂杂原子来调节。当氮掺杂到具有不同键合配置的石墨烯结构中时，它会以多种方式改变材料的电子特性。由于可调的电子特性，氮掺杂石墨烯（NG）可用作电化学系统中的催化剂。尽管具有巨大的前景，但对 NG 的结构和功能特性的整体看法仍不清楚。此外，据我们所知，关于 NG 特性的重要发现还没有得到很好的记录，这对进一步改进这种纳米材料造成了障碍。在本文中，我们将重点放在催化活动上，我们详细介绍了 NG 纳米材料的整体化学结构和功能特性。从用于 NG 合成的主要前体材料的结构特性开始，我们回顾了物理特征及其对合成参数的依赖性。此外，还对关键氮官能团的结构特性、有利的形成环境、对 NG 电子结构的影响以及在催化活性中的作用进行了详细研究。报告了 NG 纳米催化剂稳定性的当前进展，并深入了解了降解机制。对关键氮官能团的结构特性、有利的形成环境、对NG电子结构的影响以及在催化活性中的作用进行了详细研究。报告了 NG 纳米催化剂稳定性的当前进展，并深入了解了降解机制。对关键氮官能团的结构特性、有利的形成环境、对NG电子结构的影响以及在催化活性中的作用进行了详细研究。报告了 NG 纳米催化剂稳定性的当前进展，并深入了解了降解机制。