Brachychiton species are planted in Italy as ornamental trees. A survey in a nursery in Sicily (Italy) revealed the presence of young B. acerifolius and B. populneus showing severe trunk cankers, massive gummosis from the bark cracks, wood discolouration, and twig dieback. Morphological characterization was based on conidia measurement, and molecular characterization was carried out performing phylogenetic analysis (Maximum Parsimony) based on multi-locus approach of partial ITS, EF-1α, and tub2. Identification of the causal agent resulted in Neofusicoccum parvum (Botryosphaeriaceae). Pathogenicity tests were conducted in order to fulfill the Koch’s postulates. Five and three-years-old potted Brachychiton plants were inoculated (indoor and outdoor) using mycelial plugs. All the inoculated plants showed severe symptoms similar of those observed in the nursery during the survey. Some of the inoculated plants were completely dead. Re-isolations fully confirmed the causal agent. For our knowledge, this is the first report worldwide of N. parvum attacking Brachychiton spp.

Brachychiton物种在意大利作为观赏树木种植。在西西里岛（意大利）的一个苗圃中进行的一项调查揭示了年轻的B. acerifolius和B. populneus的存在，它们表现出严重的树干溃疡、树皮裂缝引起的大量胶状物、木材变色和树枝枯死。形态学表征基于分生孢子测量，分子表征基于部分 ITS、EF-1α 和tub2 的多位点方法进行系统发育分析（Maximum Parsimony）。致病因子的鉴定导致了新镰孢菌（葡萄球菌科）。进行致病性试验以实现科赫假设。五、三岁盆栽Brachychiton使用菌丝塞接种植物（室内和室外）。所有接种的植物都表现出与调查期间在苗圃中观察到​​的相似的严重症状。一些接种的植物完全死亡。重新隔离完全证实了致病因素。据我们所知，这是世界范围内关于N. parvum攻击Brachychiton spp的第一份报告。