Multifunctional hydrogels have drawn much attention as functionalized materials, and the composites hydrogel concept is an effective approach to fabricate hydrogels that simultaneously possess multiple functions, such as long-lasting adhesiveness, toughness, excellent self-healing, conducting, ultraviolet-blocking and antibacterial properties. In this work, such hydrogels were fabricated by using functionalized lignin nanoparticles (LNP) as fillers in hydrogel preparation. In the first step, lignin nanoparticles with narrow size distribution of 250–350 nm were prepared, and subsequently decorated with Ag nanoparticles (∼10 nm) on their surface. During the gelation process, the use of LNP@Ag, Fe³⁺, ammonium persulfate (APS) and acrylic acid (AA) led to an ultrafast PAA polymerization at ambient temperature (in only a few minutes). Furthermore, due to the dynamic catechol redox-Fe³⁺ system, the LNP@Ag–Fe³⁺ containing hydrogel exhibited excellent mechanical properties, particularly exceptional durability, and displayed long-term adhesiveness, and rapid and efficient self-healing ability. As nanofillers, LNP@Ag further strengthened the hydrogels, with excellent compression strength of ∼810 kPa and elasticity (stretching to 13 times its initial length). In addition, the composites hydrogel possessed excellent conductivity, ultraviolet-blocking properties, and high antibacterial activity due to the presence of metal ions, lignin, and Ag nanoparticles. This study provides a new strategy of using lignin nanofillers for the fabrication of hydrogels, and this easy-to-prepare and multifunctional hydrogel shows promising applications in human-machine electronics.

多功能水凝胶作为功能化材料备受关注，复合水凝胶概念是制备同时具有多种功能的水凝胶的有效方法，如持久的粘附性、韧性、优异的自愈性、导电性、阻隔紫外线和抗菌性能. 在这项工作中，这种水凝胶是通过使用功能化木质素纳米粒子 (LNP) 作为填料制备的。在第一步中，制备了粒径分布窄（250-350 nm）的木质素纳米颗粒，然后在其表面用银纳米颗粒（~10 nm）装饰。在凝胶化过程中，使用 LNP@Ag、Fe ³⁺、过硫酸铵 (APS) 和丙烯酸 (AA) 在环境温度下（仅需几分钟）即可实现超快的 PAA 聚合。此外，由于动态儿茶酚氧化还原-Fe ³⁺系统，LNP@Ag-Fe ³⁺含有水凝胶的水凝胶表现出优异的机械性能，特别是出色的耐久性，并显示出长期的粘附性和快速有效的自愈能力。作为纳米填料，LNP@Ag 进一步增强了水凝胶的强度，具有约 810 kPa 的优异压缩强度和弹性（拉伸至其初始长度的 13 倍）。此外，由于金属离子、木质素和银纳米颗粒的存在，复合水凝胶具有优异的导电性、紫外线阻隔性能和高抗菌活性。这项研究提供了一种使用木质素纳米填料制备水凝胶的新策略，这种易于制备的多功能水凝胶在人机电子产品中显示出有前景的应用。