Plant annexins are a kind of conserved Ca²⁺-dependent phospholipid-binding proteins which are involved in plant growth, development and stress tolerance. Radish is an economically important annual or biennial root vegetable crop worldwide. However, the genome-wide characterization of annexin (RsANN) gene family remain largely unexplored in radish. In this study, a comprehensive identification of annexin gene family was performed at the whole genome level in radish. In total, ten RsANN genes were identified, and these putative RsANN proteins shared typical characteristics of the annexin family proteins. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the RsANNs together with annexin from Arabidopsis and rice were clustered into five groups with shared similar motif patterns. Chromosomal localization showed that these ten RsANN genes were distributed on six chromosomes (R3-R8) of radish. Several cis-elements involved in abiotic stress response were identified in the promoter regions of RsANN genes. Expression profile analysis indicated that the RsANN genes exhibited tissue-specific patterns at different growth stages and tissues. The Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) revealed that the expression of most RsANN genes was induced under various abiotic stresses including heat, drought, salinity, oxidization and ABA stress. In addition, stress assays showed that overexpression of RsANN1a improved plant’s growth and heat tolerance, while artificial microRNAs (amiRNA)-mediated knockdown of RsANN1a caused dramatically decreased survival ratio of Arabidopsis plants. These findings not only demonstrate that RsANN1a might play a critical role in the heat stress response of radish, but also facilitate clarifying the molecular mechanism of RsANN genes in regulating the biological process governing plant growth and development.

植物膜联蛋白是一类保守的Ca ²⁺依赖性磷脂结合蛋白，参与植物的生长、发育和胁迫耐受。萝卜是世界范围内具有重要经济意义的一年生或二年生根茎类蔬菜作物。然而，在萝卜中，膜联蛋白( RsANN ) 基因家族的全基因组特征在很大程度上仍未得到探索。在这项研究中，在萝卜的全基因组水平上进行了一个连接蛋白基因家族的综合鉴定。总共有 10 个RsANN基因被鉴定，这些推定的 RsANN 蛋白具有膜联蛋白家族蛋白的典型特征。系统发育分析表明，RsANNs 与来自拟南芥和水稻的膜联蛋白一起聚集成五个组，具有相似的基序模式。染色体定位显示这10个RsANN基因分布在萝卜的6条染色体（R3-R8）上。在RsANN基因的启动子区域中鉴定了几种参与非生物胁迫反应的顺式元件。表达谱分析表明，RsANN基因在不同的生长阶段和组织中表现出组织特异性模式。实时定量 PCR (RT-qPCR) 揭示了大多数RsANN的表达基因在各种非生物胁迫下被诱导，包括热、干旱、盐度、氧化和 ABA 胁迫。此外，胁迫试验表明，RsANN1a的过表达提高了植物的生长和耐热性，而人工 microRNAs (amiRNA) 介导的RsANN1a敲低导致拟南芥植物的存活率显着降低。这些发现不仅表明RsANN1a可能在萝卜的热应激反应中发挥关键作用，而且有助于阐明RsANN基因在调控植物生长发育的生物学过程中的分子机制。