The dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) from water used for crop irrigation to vegetables is poorly studied. During a year, five farmer markets in a city in Central Chile were visited, and 478 vegetable samples (parsleys, corianders, celeries, lettuces, chards, and beets) were collected. Simultaneously, 32 water samples were collected from two rivers which are used to irrigate the vegetables produced in the area. Resistant Enterobacterales were isolated and identified. Colistin resistance gene mcr-1 and extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) were molecularly detected. The association of environmental factors was evaluated, with the outcomes being the presence of Enterobacterales resistant to four antibiotic families and the presence of multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotypes. Parsley, coriander, and celery showed the highest prevalence of resistant Enterobacterales (41.9% for ciprofloxacin and 18.5% for ceftazidime). A total of 155 isolates were obtained, including Escherichia coli (n=109), Citrobacter sp. (n=20), Enterobacter cloacae complex (n=8), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=8), and Klebsiella aerogenes (n=1). Resistance to ampicillin (63.2%) and ciprofloxacin (74.2%) was most frequently found; 34.5% of the isolates showed resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, and the MDR phenotype represented 51.6% of the isolates. In two E. coli isolates (1.29%), the gene mcr-1 was found and ESBL genes were found in 23/62 isolates (37%), with bla_CTX-M being the most frequently found in 20 isolates (32%). Resistant Enterobacterales isolated during the rainy season were less likely to be MDR as compared to the dry season. Understanding environmental associations represent the first step toward an improved understanding of the public health impact of ARB in vegetables and water.

对抗生素抗性细菌 (ARB) 从用于作物灌溉的水中传播到蔬菜的研究很少。在一年中，访问了智利中部城市的五个农贸市场，收集了 478 个蔬菜样品（欧芹、香菜、芹菜、生菜、甜菜和甜菜）。同时，从两条河流中采集了32个水样，用于灌溉该地区生产的蔬菜。分离并鉴定了耐药肠杆菌。粘菌素抗性基因mcr-1和超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）被分子检测。评估了环境因素的关联，结果是对四种抗生素家族具有耐药性的肠杆菌属和多药耐药 (MDR) 表型的存在。欧芹、香菜和芹菜的肠杆菌耐药率最高（环丙沙星为 41.9%，头孢他啶为 18.5%）。共获得 155 个分离株，包括大肠杆菌 (n=109), 柠檬酸杆菌sp. (n=20), 阴沟肠杆菌 复杂的 （n=8), 肺炎克雷伯菌 (n=8)，和 产气克雷伯菌 (n=1）。最常见的是对氨苄青霉素 (63.2%) 和环丙沙星 (74.2%) 的耐药性；34.5%的分离株对第三代头孢菌素耐药，51.6%的分离株为耐多药表型。成两半大肠杆菌 分离株 (1.29%)，基因 mcr-1 在 23/62 株（37%）中发现了 ESBL 基因，其中 布拉_CTX-M是在 20 个分离株中最常见的 (32%)。与旱季相比，雨季分离的耐药肠杆菌属 MDR 的可能性较小。了解环境协会代表着进一步了解 ARB 在蔬菜和水中对公共健康的影响迈出了第一步。