Herein, Pumice (PM)-TiO₂-Pd nanocomposite as an efficient catalyst was prepared by modified sol-gel method and used for sonophotocatalytic removal of ciprofloxacin (CIP). Various analyses were used to investigate the properties of the catalysts. Based on the SEM results, the TiO₂ and Pd nanoparticles on the PM surface were immobilized regularly without aggregation. Also, the crystalline structure and functional groups of PM-TiO₂-Pd nanocomposite were identified successfully by XRD and FTIR analyses. The bandgap energy of 2.52, 3.17, and 3.29 eV were calculated for PM-TiO₂-Pd, PM-TiO₂, and PM indicating higher sonophotocatalytic activity of PM-TiO₂-Pd nanocomposite. 79.44 % of CIP was removed within 120 min of treatment time using in the optimum condition ([PM-TiO₂-Pd] = 0.5 g/L, [CIP]₀ = 20 mg/L and pH = 6). By adding radical scavengers like EDTA, CrO₃, formic acid, and enhancers like K₂S₂O₈ and H₂O₂ the degradation efficiency was as follows respectively: 37.72, 31.71, 28.29, 88.78, and 72.43%. The reusability and stability of the composite after four consecutive runs was decreased only 9.44%. Also, 8 intermediate byproducts generated under sonophotocatalytic degradation of CIP by PM-TiO₂-Pd nanocomposite were identified.

在此，采用改进的溶胶-凝胶法制备了作为高效催化剂的浮石（PM）-TiO ₂ -Pd 纳米复合材料，并将其用于环丙沙星（CIP）的声光催化去除。使用各种分析来研究催化剂的性质。基于SEM结果，PM表面上的TiO ₂和Pd纳米颗粒有规律地固定而没有聚集。此外，通过XRD和FTIR分析成功地鉴定了PM-TiO ₂ -Pd纳米复合材料的晶体结构和官能团。的2.52，3.17的带隙能量，和3.29 eV的计算了PM-的TiO ₂ -Pd，PM-的TiO ₂，和PM指示PM-TIO的声光催化更高活性₂-Pd 纳米复合材料。在最佳条件下（[PM-TiO ₂ -Pd] = 0.5 g/L，[CIP] ₀  = 20 mg/L 和 pH = 6），在 120 分钟的处理时间内去除了 79.44% 的 CIP 。加入EDTA、CrO ₃、甲酸等自由基清除剂和K ₂ S ₂ O ₈、H ₂ O ₂等增强剂，降解效率分别为37.72、31.71、28.29、88.78、72.43%。连续四次运行后，复合材料的可重用性和稳定性仅下降了 9.44%。此外，还鉴定了在 PM-TiO ₂ -Pd 纳米复合材料声光催化降解 CIP 下产生的 8 种中间副产物。