Adaptation to changing environments involves the appropriate extraction of environmental information to achieve a behavioral goal. It remains unclear how behavioral flexibility is guided under situations where the relevant behavior is ambiguous. Using functional brain mapping of machine learning decoders and directional functional connectivity, we show that brain-wide reversible neural signaling underpins task encoding and behavioral flexibility in ambiguously changing environments. When relevant behavior is cued ambiguously during behavioral shifting, neural coding is attenuated in distributed cortical regions, but top-down signals from the prefrontal cortex complement the coding. When behavioral shifting is cued more explicitly, modality-specialized occipitotemporal regions implement distinct neural coding about relevant behavior, and bottom-up signals from the occipitotemporal region to the prefrontal cortex supplement the behavioral shift. These results suggest that our adaptation to an ever-changing world is orchestrated by the alternation of top-down and bottom-up signaling in the fronto-occipitotemporal circuit depending on the availability of environmental information.

中文翻译：

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可逆额枕颞信号在模糊线索下补充任务编码和切换

适应不断变化的环境涉及适当提取环境信息以实现行为目标。在相关行为不明确的情况下，如何引导行为灵活性仍不清楚。使用机器学习解码器的功能性大脑映射和定向功能连接，我们表明全脑可逆神经信号在模糊变化的环境中支持任务编码和行为灵活性。当相关行为在行为转变过程中被模棱两可地提示时，分布的皮层区域的神经编码会减弱，但来自前额叶皮层的自上而下的信号会补充编码。当更明确地提示行为转变时，模态专业枕颞区域对相关行为实施不同的神经编码，从枕颞区到前额叶皮层的自下而上信号补充了行为转变。这些结果表明，我们对不断变化的世界的适应是通过额枕颞电路中自上而下和自下而上的信号交替来协调的，这取决于环境信息的可用性。