Since the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, the etiologic agent of the COVID-19 pandemic, the viral genome has acquired numerous mutations with the potential to alter the viral infectivity and antigenicity. Part of mutations in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein has conferred virus the ability to spread more quickly and escape from the immune response caused by the monoclonal neutralizing antibody or vaccination. Herein, we summarize the spatiotemporal distribution of mutations in spike protein, and present recent efforts and progress in investigating the impacts of those mutations on viral infectivity and antigenicity. As mutations continue to emerge in SARS-CoV-2, we strive to provide systematic evaluation of mutations in spike protein, which is vitally important for the subsequent improvement of vaccine and therapeutic neutralizing antibody strategies.

中文翻译：

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SARS-COV-2 尖峰突变对病毒感染性和抗原性的影响

自 SARS-CoV-2（COVID-19 大流行的病原体）爆发以来，病毒基因组发生了许多突变，有可能改变病毒的感染性和抗原性。SARS-CoV-2刺突蛋白的部分突变使病毒能够更快地传播并逃避单克隆中和抗体或疫苗接种引起的免疫反应。在此，我们总结了刺突蛋白突变的时空分布，并介绍了最近在研究这些突变对病毒感染性和抗原性影响方面的努力和进展。随着 SARS-CoV-2 突变不断出现，我们努力对刺突蛋白突变进行系统评估，这对于疫苗和治疗性中和抗体策略的后续改进至关重要。