Total mesorectal excision (TME) has significantly reduced local recurrence in rectal cancer surgery. However, the local recurrence rate for low tumours remains high at 36%. Lateral pelvic lymph node (LNs) involvement has been noted in 50% of cases. Lateral metastasis occurs in 15% of middle and low rectal primary tumours.

中文翻译：

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用于直肠癌的分步机器人侧方淋巴结清扫术

全直肠系膜切除术（TME）显着降低了直肠癌手术中的局部复发。然而，低肿瘤的局部复发率仍然很高，为 36%。在 50% 的病例中注意到外侧盆腔淋巴结 (LNs) 受累。15% 的中低位直肠原发肿瘤发生侧向转移。