In the area of oral and maxillofacial surgery, regenerative endodontics aims to present alternative options to conventional treatment strategies. With continuous advances in regenerative medicine, the source of cells used for pulp tissue regeneration is not only limited to mesenchymal stem cells as the non-mesenchymal stem cells have shown capabilities too. In this review, we are systematically assessing the recent findings on odontoblastic differentiation induction with scaffold and non-scaffold approaches. A comprehensive search was conducted in Pubmed, and Scopus, and relevant studies published between 2015 and 2020 were selected following the PRISMA guideline. The main inclusion criteria were that articles must be revolving on method for osteoblast differentiation in vitro study. Therefore, in vivo and human or animal clinical studies were excluded. The search outcomes identified all articles containing the word “odontoblast”, “differentiation”, and “mesenchymal stem cell”. The literature search identified 99 related studies, but only 11 articles met the inclusion criteria. These include 5 odontoblastic differentiation induction with scaffold, 6 inductions without scaffolds. The data collected were characterised into two main categories: type of cells undergo odontoblastic differentiation, and odontoblastic differentiation techniques using scaffolds or non-scaffold. Based on the data analysis, the scaffold-based odontoblastic induction method seems to be a better option compared to the non-scaffold method. In addition of that, the combination of growth factors in scaffold-based methods could possibly enhance the differentiation. Thus, further detailed studies are still required to understand the mechanism and the way to enhance odontoblastic differentiation.

中文翻译：

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间充质干细胞：成牙本质细胞诱导的综合方法

在口腔颌面外科领域，再生牙髓学旨在提供传统治疗策略的替代选择。随着再生医学的不断进步，用于牙髓组织再生的细胞来源不仅限于间充质干细胞，非间充质干细胞也显示出了能力。在这篇综述中，我们正在系统地评估最近关于支架和非支架方法诱导成牙本质细胞分化的发现。在 Pubmed 和 Scopus 中进行了全面搜索，并按照 PRISMA 指南选择了 2015 年至 2020 年间发表的相关研究。主要纳入标准是文章必须围绕体外成骨细胞分化研究的方法。所以，体内和人类或动物临床研究被排除在外。搜索结果确定了所有包含“成牙本质细胞”、“分化”和“间充质干细胞”一词的文章。文献检索确定了 99 项相关研究，但只有 11 篇文章符合纳入标准。这些包括 5 次有支架的成牙本质细胞分化诱导，6 次没有支架的诱导。收集的数据分为两大类：细胞类型进行成牙本质细胞分化，以及使用支架或非支架的成牙本质细胞分化技术。根据数据分析，与非支架方法相比，基于支架的成牙本质细胞诱导方法似乎是更好的选择。除此之外，基于支架的方法中生长因子的组合可能会增强分化。