Tripleurospermum disciforme (C.A.Mey.) Sch.Bip., Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch.Bip., and Achillea biebersteinii Afan. are the most important species of the Asteraceae family that are used in traditional medicine as antiseptics, analgesics, and anti-ulcers. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the yield, chemical profile, and antibacterial and antifungal properties of the essential oils of these three species for the first time. For this purpose, plant materials were collected in June 2019 from Javinan region (Kashan, Iran). Based on the ANOVA results the species had a significant effect on yield, chemical composition, and diameter of the inhibition zone of some microorganisms (P ≤ 0.01). The highest yield belonged to T. disciforme essential oil (~ 1.433%). Analysis of essential oil compounds showed that in T. disciforme, anisole, p-1-cyclohexen-1-yl- (55.95%), modephene (10.00%), and cis-β-farnesene (11.94%), in T. parthenium, camphor (43.43%), camphene (9.40%), and bornyl acetate (6.76%), and in A. biebersteinii linalool (34.49%), p-cymene (15.31%), and α-terpineol (7.43%) were the main and predominant compounds. The highest inhibition zone diameter by the essential oil of T. parthenium and A. biebersteinii against Aspergillus brasiliensis (~ 13 mm) was observed. The strongest inhibitory and lethal activity was related to T. disciforme essential oil against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella dysenteriae, Escherichia coli (~ 8.50 mm), and Candida albicans (MIC and MBC = 62.5 μg/mL), which were equivalent to rifampin and twice as potent as nystatin, respectively. Therefore, the essential oil of the studied species of Asteraceae may be a promising and potential strategy for controlling some microorganisms and a possible natural alternative to some antibiotics.

中文翻译：

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Tripleurospermum disciforme (CAMey.) Sch.Bip.、Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch.Bip 和 Achillea biebersteinii Afan.：精油的效率、化学特征和生物学特性

Tripleurospermum disciforme (CAMey.) Sch.Bip.、Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch.Bip. 和 Achillea biebersteinii Afan。是菊科中最重要的物种，在传统医学中用作防腐剂、镇痛剂和抗溃疡剂。本研究旨在首次评估和比较这三种精油的产量、化学特征以及抗菌和抗真菌特性。为此，于 2019 年 6 月从 Javinan 地区（伊朗卡尚）收集了植物材料。根据方差分析结果，该物种对某些微生物的产量、化学成分和抑菌圈直径有显着影响（P ≤ 0.01）。最高产量属于 T. disciforme 精油 (~ 1.433%)。精油化合物的分析表明，在 T. disciforme、苯甲醚、p-1-cyclohexen-1-yl- (55.95%)、modephene (10.00%) 和 cis-β-farnesene (11.94%)，在 T. parthenium、樟脑 (43.43%)、莰烯 (9.40%) 和醋酸冰片酯 (6.76%) 和 A. biebersteinii 芳樟醇 (34.49%)、对伞花烃 (15.31%) 和 α-萜品醇 (7.43%) 是主要和主要化合物。观察到 T. parthenium 和 A. biebersteinii 精油对巴西曲霉 (Aspergillus brasiliensis) 的最大抑菌圈直径 (~ 13 mm)。最强的抑制和致死活性与对肺炎克雷伯菌、痢疾志贺菌、大肠杆菌（~8.50 毫米）和白色念珠菌（MIC 和 MBC = 62.5 μg/mL）的 T. disciforme 精油有关，相当于利福平和两倍分别与制霉菌素一样有效。所以，