Brain development during the prenatal period is rapid and unparalleled by any other time during development. Biological systems undergoing rapid development are at higher risk for disorganizing influences. Therefore, certain prenatal exposures impact brain development, increasing risk for negative neurodevelopmental outcome. While prenatal exposures have been associated with cognitive and behavioral outcomes later in life, the underlying macroscopic brain pathways remain unclear. Here, we review magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies investigating the association between prenatal exposures and infant brain development focusing on prenatal exposures via maternal physical health factors, maternal mental health factors, and maternal drug and medication use. Further, we discuss the need for studies to consider multiple prenatal exposures in parallel and suggest future directions for this body of research.

产前时期的大脑发育是快速的，是发育过程中任何其他时期都无法比拟的。正在快速发展的生物系统面临着更高的破坏性影响的风险。因此，某些产前暴露会影响大脑发育，增加负面神经发育结果的风险。虽然产前暴露与以后的认知和行为结果有关，但潜在的宏观大脑通路仍不清楚。在此，我们回顾了磁共振成像 (MRI) 研究，这些研究调查了产前暴露与婴儿大脑发育之间的关联，重点关注通过孕产妇身体健康因素、孕产妇心理健康因素以及孕产妇药物和药物使用造成的产前暴露。更远，