Background

Clinical investigations have argued for long-term neurological manifestations in both hospitalised and non-hospitalised COVID-19 patients. It is unclear whether long-term neurological symptoms and features depend on COVID-19 severity.

Methods

From a sample of 208 consecutive non-neurological patients hospitalised for COVID-19 disease, 165 survivors were re-assessed at 6 months according to a structured standardised clinical protocol. Prevalence and predictors of long-term neurological manifestations were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analyses.

Results

At 6-month follow-up after hospitalisation due to COVID-19 disease, patients displayed a wide array of symptoms; fatigue (34%), memory/attention (31%) and sleep disorders (30%) were the most frequent. At neurological examination, 40% of patients exhibited neurological abnormalities, such as hyposmia (18.0%), cognitive deficits (17.5%), postural tremor (13.8%) and subtle motor/sensory deficits (7.6%). Older age, premorbid comorbidities and severity of COVID-19 were independent predictors of neurological manifestations in logistic regression analyses.

Conclusions

Premorbid vulnerability and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection impact on prevalence and severity of long-term neurological manifestations.

中文翻译：

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COVID-19 的长期神经系统表现：患病率和预测因素

背景

临床研究表明，住院和非住院 COVID-19 患者均存在长期神经系统表现。目前尚不清楚长期神经系统症状和特征是否取决于 COVID-19 的严重程度。

方法

从 208 名因 COVID-19 疾病住院的连续非神经病患者的样本中，根据结构化的标准化临床方案，在 6 个月时对 165 名幸存者进行了重新评估。使用多变量逻辑回归分析评估长期神经系统表现的患病率和预测因素。

结果

在因 COVID-19 疾病住院后 6 个月的随访中，患者表现出多种症状；疲劳（34%）、记忆力/注意力（​​31%）和睡眠障碍（30%）是最常见的。在神经系统检查中，40% 的患者表现出神经系统异常，例如嗅觉减退 (18.0%)、认知缺陷 (17.5%)、姿势性震颤 (13.8%) 和细微运动/感觉缺陷 (7.6%)。在逻辑回归分析中，年龄较大、病前合并症和 COVID-19 的严重程度是神经系统表现的独立预测因子。

结论

SARS-CoV-2 感染的病前脆弱性和严重程度影响长期神经系统表现的患病率和严重程度。