Aging weakens and deregulates the immune system and plays an impact on the central nervous system (CNS). A crosstalk in between the CNS-mediated immune system and the body’s overall innate immunity is often found to increase and subsequently accelerate neurodegeneration and behavioural impairment during aging. Dietary calorie restriction (CR) is found to be a beneficial non-invasive anti-aging therapy as it shows rejuvenation of stress response, brain functions and behaviour during aging. The present investigation deals with the consequence of CR diet supplementation for two different duration (one and two consecutive months) on aging-related alteration of the immune response in male albino Wistar rats at the level of (a) lymphocyte viability, proliferation, cytotoxicity, and DNA fragmentation in blood, spleen, and thymus and (b) cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α) in blood, spleen, thymus and different brain-regions to understand the effect of CR diet on neuroimmune system. The results depict that CR diet consumption for consecutive one and two months by the aged (18 and 24 months) rats significantly attenuated the aging-related (a) decrease of blood, splenic and thymic lymphocyte viability, proliferative activity, cytotoxicity, and IL-10 level and (b) increase of (i) blood, splenic and thymic DNA fragmentation and (ii) IL-6 and TNF-α level in those tissues and also in different brain regions. Unlike older rats, in young (4 months) rats, the consumption of CR diet under similar conditions affected those above-mentioned immune parameters reversibly and adversely. This study concludes that (a) aging significantly (p < 0.01) deregulates the above-mentioned immune parameters, (b) consecutive consumption of CR diet for one and two months is (i) beneficial (p < 0.05) to the aging-related immune system [lymphocyte viability, lymphocyte proliferation, cytotoxicity, pro (IL-6 and TNF-α)- and anti (IL-10)-inflammatory cytokines], but (ii) adverse (p < 0.05) to the immune parameters of the young rats, and (c) consumption of CR diet for consecutive two months is more potent (p < 0.05) than that due to one month.

衰老会削弱免疫系统并使其失调，并对中枢神经系统 (CNS) 产生影响。人们经常发现，中枢神经系统介导的免疫系统与人体整体先天免疫之间的串扰会增加并随后加速衰老过程中的神经退行性变和行为障碍。饮食热量限制（CR）被发现是一种有益的非侵入性抗衰老疗法，因为它可以使衰老过程中的压力反应、大脑功能和行为恢复活力。本研究涉及两种不同持续时间（连续一个月和两个月）的 CR 饮食补充对雄性白化 ​​Wistar 大鼠衰老相关免疫反应变化的影响，具体表现在（a）淋巴细胞活力、增殖、细胞毒性、血液、脾脏和胸腺中的 DNA 碎片和 (b) 血液、脾脏、胸腺和不同脑区域中的细胞因子（IL-6、IL-10 和 TNF-α），以了解 CR 饮食对神经免疫系统的影响。结果表明，老年（18 个月和 24 个月）大鼠连续 1 个月和 2 个月的 CR 饮食显着减轻了与衰老相关的（a）血液、脾脏和胸腺淋巴细胞活力、增殖活性、细胞毒性和 IL- 的降低。 10 水平以及 (b) 这些组织以及不同脑区域中 (i) 血液、脾脏和胸腺 DNA 碎片以及 (ii) IL-6 和 TNF-α 水平的增加。与老年大鼠不同，在年轻（4个月）的大鼠中，在相似条件下摄入CR饮食对上述免疫参数产生了可逆且不利的影响。本研究得出的结论是：(a) 显着衰老（ p < 0。01) 放松上述免疫参数的调节，(b) 连续食用 CR 饮食一两个月是 (i) 对衰老相关的免疫系统有益 ( p < 0.05) [淋巴细胞活力、淋巴细胞增殖、细胞毒性、促(IL-6 和 TNF-α)- 和抗 (IL-10)- 炎症细胞因子]，但 (ii) 对幼年大鼠的免疫参数不利 ( p < 0.05)，以及 (c) CR 饮食的消耗连续两个月比一个月的效果更有效（ p < 0.05）。