Highly accurate, quantitative analyses of mixtures of hydrogen isotopologues—both the stable species, H₂, D₂, and HD, and the radioactive species, T₂, HT, and DT—are of great importance in fields as diverse as deuterium–tritium fusion, neutrino mass measurements using tritium β-decay, or for photonuclear experiments in which hydrogen–deuterium targets are used. In this publication we describe a production, handling, and analysis facility capable of fabricating well-defined gas samples, which may contain any of the stable and radioactive hydrogen isotopologues, with sub-percent accuracy for the relative species concentrations. The production is based on precise manometric gas mixing of H₂, D₂, and T₂. The heteronuclear isotopologues HD, HT, and DT are generated via controlled, in-line catalytic reaction or by b-induced self-equilibration, respectively. The analysis was carried out using an in-line intensity- and wavelength-calibrated Raman spectroscopy system. This allows for continuous monitoring of the composition of the circulating gas during the self-equilibration or catalytic evolution phases. During all procedures, effects, such as exchange reactions with wall materials, were considered with care. Together with measurement statistics, these and other systematic effects were included in the determination of composition uncertainties of the generated reference gas samples. Measurement and calibration accuracy at the level of 1% was achieved.

中文翻译：

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他们的生产和基于拉曼的分析

对氢同位素混合物（包括稳定物质 H ₂、D ₂和 HD 以及放射性物质 T ₂、HT 和 DT）的混合物进行高度准确的定量分析在氘-氚等多种领域中具有重要意义聚变、使用氚β衰变的中微子质量测量，或用于使用氢-氘靶的光核实验。在本出版物中，我们描述了一种生产、处理和分析设施，能够制造定义明确的气体样品，其中可能包含任何稳定的和放射性的氢同位素，相对物种浓度具有亚百分比的准确度。生产基于 H ₂、D ₂和 T 的精确测压气体混合₂ . 异核同位素 HD、HT 和 DT 分别通过受控的在线催化反应或 b 诱导的自平衡产生。使用在线强度和波长校准的拉曼光谱系统进行分析。这允许在自平衡或催化演化阶段连续监测循环气体的组成。在所有过程中，都仔细考虑了影响，例如与墙体材料的交换反应。与测量统计数据一起，这些和其他系统影响被包括在生成的参考气体样品的成分不确定性的确定中。实现了 1% 水平的测量和校准精度。