The pathogenesis of respiratory diseases is complex, and its occurrence and development also involve a series of pathological processes. The present research methods are have difficulty simulating the natural developing state of the disease in the body, and the results cannot reflect the real growth state and function in vivo. The development of microfluidic chip technology provides a technical platform for better research on respiratory diseases. The size of its microchannel can be similar to the space for cell growth in vivo. In addition, organ-on-a-chip can achieve long-term co-cultivation of multiple cells and produce precisely controllable fluid shear force, periodically changing mechanical force, and perfusate with varying solute concentration gradient. To sum up, the chip can be used to analyze the specific pathophysiological changes of organs meticulously, and it is widely used in scientific research on respiratory diseases. The focus of this review is to describe and discuss current studies of artificial respiratory systems based on organ-on-a-chip technology and to summarize their applications in the real world.

中文翻译：

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基于器官芯片技术的呼吸系统生理和疾病模型

呼吸系统疾病的发病机制复杂，其发生发展也涉及一系列病理过程。目前的研究方法难以模拟疾病在体内的自然发展状态，结果不能反映体内真实的生长状态和功能。微流控芯片技术的发展为更好地研究呼吸系统疾病提供了技术平台。其微通道的大小可以与体内细胞生长的空间相似。此外，器官芯片可以实现多个细胞的长期共培养，并产生精确可控的流体剪切力、周期性变化的机械力和不同溶质浓度梯度的灌注液。总结，该芯片可细致分析器官的具体病理生理变化，广泛应用于呼吸系统疾病的科学研究。本综述的重点是描述和讨论基于器官芯片技术的人工呼吸系统的当前研究，并总结它们在现实世界中的应用。