Genetic polymorphisms, causing variation in casein genes (CSN1S1, CSN1S2, CSN2, and CSN3), have been extensively studied in goats and cows, but there are only few studies reported in camels. Therefore, we aimed to identify alleles with functional roles in the United Arab Emirates dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) population to complement previous studies conducted on the same species. Using targeted next-generation sequencing, we sequenced all genes in the casein gene cluster in 93 female camels to identify and characterize novel gene variants. Most variants were found in noncoding introns and upstream sequences, but a few variants showed the possibility of functional impact. CSN2 was found to be most polymorphic, with total 91 different variants, followed by CSN1S1, CSN3 and CSN1S2. CSN1S1, CSN1S2 and CSN2 each had at least two variants while CSN3 had only one functional allele. In future research, the functional impact of these variants should be investigated further.

中文翻译：

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阿拉伯联合酋长国单峰骆驼（C. dromedarius）种群中酪蛋白基因簇的遗传多样性

导致酪蛋白基因（CSN1S1、CSN1S2、CSN2和CSN3）变异的遗传多态性已在山羊和奶牛中进行了广泛研究，但在骆驼中报道的研究很少。因此，我们旨在确定在阿拉伯联合酋长国单峰骆驼（Camelus dromedarius ）种群中具有功能作用的等位基因，以补充先前对同一物种进行的研究。使用靶向二代测序，我们对 93 头雌性骆驼的酪蛋白基因簇中的所有基因进行了测序，以识别和表征新的基因变异。大多数变体存在于非编码内含子和上游序列中，但少数变体显示出功能影响的可能性。CSN2被发现具有最多的多态性，共有 91 个不同的变体，其次是CSN1S1、CSN3和CSN1S2 。CSN1S1、CSN1S2和CSN2各有至少两个变体，而CSN3只有一个功能等位基因。在未来的研究中，应进一步研究这些变体的功能影响。