Winter wheat is the most important crop in Germany, which is why a three-year field trial (2015–17) investigated the effects of weather on biometric parameters in relation to the phenological growth stage of the winter wheat varieties Opal, Kerubino, Edgar. In Brandenburg, there have been frequent extreme weather events in the growth phases that are relevant to grain yields. Two winter wheat varieties were grown per trial year and parts of the experimental field areas were irrigated. In addition, soil physical, biometric and meteorological data were collected during the growing season (March until end of July). There were five dry periods in 2015, six in 2016, and two in 2017 associated with low soil moisture. Notably, in 2016 the plant height was 5 cm lower and the cover was 15% lower than on irrigated plots. The grain yield was increased by 19% and 31% respectively by irrigation. However, due to irrigation costs, the net grain yield on irrigated plots was lower than on the unirrigated plots. It turned out that in dry years there were hardly any differences between winter wheat varieties. Multiple regression analysis showed a strong correlation between the biometric parameters considered here and the grain yield.

中文翻译：

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德国东北部三年田间试验中冬小麦与天气相关的生长差异分析

冬小麦是德国最重要的作物，因此，一项为期三年的田间试验（2015-17 年）调查了天气对与冬小麦品种 Opal、Kerubino、Edgar 的物候生长阶段相关的生物特征参数的影响。在勃兰登堡，与粮食产量相关的生长阶段频繁发生极端天气事件。每个试验年种植两个冬小麦品种，并对部分试验田进行灌溉。此外，在生长季节（3 月至 7 月底）收集了土壤物理、生物特征和气象数据。2015 年有五个干旱期，2016 年有六个干旱期，2017 年有两个干旱期与低土壤湿度有关。值得注意的是，2016 年的植物高度比灌溉地块低 5 厘米，覆盖率低 15%。灌溉使粮食产量分别增加了19%和31%。然而，由于灌溉成本的原因，灌溉地块的净粮食产量低于未灌溉地块。结果表明，在干旱年份，冬小麦品种之间几乎没有任何差异。多元回归分析显示这里考虑的生物特征参数与谷物产量之间存在很强的相关性。