A one-step preparation of carbon and dielectric composites with a skeleton-skin structure by sol–gel strategy was proposed in this study. General strategies and comprehensive view on recent knowledge regarding nanocomposites were presented herein. Considering carbon-silica (C–SiO₂) composite films as the model system, the insights into the mechanism of wet chemistry in sol were expounded in detail. The structure and crystallization process of nano carbon after annealing process were investigated, revealing that the average sp² cluster size of nano carbon was in the range from 0.64 to 0.71 nm. The prepared composite films consisted of carbon-covered SiO₂ skeleton with intimate interfaces. The film was found to possess excellent adjustable electrical and optical properties, benefited from the rugged composite structure containing nano carbon. With proper heat treatment, the film exhibited the related properties of a solar-selective absorbent material and corresponding low resistivity (about 10⁻² Ω cm⁻¹). Thus it can act as a potential candidate for conductive coating. The related simulation analysis concluded that the material consisted of a skeleton-skin structure.

本研究提出了一种通过溶胶-凝胶策略一步制备具有骨架-皮肤结构的碳和介电复合材料的方法。本文介绍了有关纳米复合材料的最新知识的一般策略和综合观点。以碳-二氧化硅（C-SiO ₂）复合薄膜为模型系统，详细阐述了溶胶湿化学机理。研究了退火过程后纳米碳的结构和结晶过程，发现纳米碳的平均sp ²簇尺寸在0.64-0.71 nm范围内。制备的复合薄膜由碳包覆的 SiO _{2 组成}具有亲密界面的骨架。发现该薄膜具有优异的可调电学和光学性能，这得益于含有纳米碳的坚固复合结构。通过适当的热处理，该薄膜表现出太阳能选择性吸收材料的相关特性和相应的低电阻率（约 10 ^-2  Ω cm ^-1）。因此，它可以作为导电涂层的潜在候选者。相关模拟分析得出结论，该材料由骨架-蒙皮结构组成。