The quantification of the neurotransmitter dopamine in human biological samples has gained in importance. A good antifouling and highly selective electrode material is still in high demand. So, to resolve these issues we fabricated a dopamine (DA) electrochemical sensor based on cobalt ferrite (CoFe₂O₄) capped on graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) using the dual-template method. The fabricated CoFe₂O₄@g-CN exhibited spherical-like CoFe₂O₄ decorated on sheet-like g-CN. These structures showed high electrochemical conductivity with a superior synergetic effect that facilitates a greater number of active sites, and rapid ion/electron mobility. Owing to these reasons, the fabricated CoFe₂O₄@g-CN modified electrode depicts a lower R_ct value, which specifies a high electrochemical conductivity. Furthermore, the CoFe₂O₄@g-CN modified electrode shows a wide linear detection range (0.001–32.18 and 38.43–102.18 μM), a low detection limit (0.12 and 5.8 nM), and good selectivity. Also, the fabricated electrode displays appreciable stability, repeatability, and reproducibility. The CoFe₂O₄@g-CN modified electrode has been applied for the real-time detection of DA in human biological samples with appreciable recovery results. Our developed method will be a promising platform for the electrochemical determination of DA in biological samples.

中文翻译：

---

CoFe2O4 负载的 g-C3N4 纳米复合材料用于多巴胺的灵敏电化学检测

人类生物样本中神经递质多巴胺的量化变得越来越重要。良好的防污性和高选择性电极材料仍然有很高的需求。因此，为了解决这些问题，我们使用双模板方法制造了基于铁氧体钴 (CoFe ₂ O ₄ ) 覆盖在石墨氮化碳 (g-CN) 上的多巴胺 (DA) 电化学传感器。制造的CoFe ₂ O ₄ @g-CN 表现出装饰在片状g-CN 上的球形CoFe ₂ O ₄。这些结构显示出高电化学导电性和优异的协同效应，可促进更多的活性位点和快速的离子/电子迁移率。由于这些原因，制造的 CoFe₂ O ₄ @g-CN 修饰电极的R _ct值较低，表明其具有较高的电化学导电性。此外，CoFe ₂ O ₄ @g-CN 修饰电极显示出较宽的线性检测范围（0.001–32.18 和 38.43–102.18 μM）、低检测限（0.12 和 5.8 nM）和良好的选择性。此外，制造的电极显示出可观的稳定性、可重复性和再现性。CoFe ₂ O ₄ @g-CN 修饰电极已应用于人体生物样品中 DA 的实时检测，回收率结果可观。我们开发的方法将成为电化学测定生物样品中 DA 的有前途的平台。