Spinel LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ (LNMO) cathode are effectively obtained by one-pot hydrothermal synthesis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals the hybrid morphological of LNMO, featuring cotton-like structures (400–800 nm) and rod-like structures (90–150 nm). The equivalent circuit well describes the Nyquist plot to separate the grain and grain boundary effects. According to the Maxwell-Wagner model, the complex permittivity confirms non-homogenous layers' existence; highly conducting grains and poorly conducting grain boundaries. Non-overlapping polar tunneling (NSPT) and correlated barrier hopping (CBH) are two responsible models for the conduction mechanism at low and high temperatures. Further, identical activation energy values are observed for hopping frequency, and peak frequency from normalized parameters Z’’/Z’’ _max and M’’/M’’ _max, suggesting Li⁺ ions are the dominant charge carriers. The LNMO/Li cell delivers higher discharge capacity than commercial LNMO/Li cell from prior study, credits from the bridging features between rod-like and cotton-like particles.

尖晶石 LiNi _0.5 Mn _1.5 O ₄(LNMO) 阴极可通过一锅水热合成有效地获得。扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 揭示了 LNMO 的混合形态，具有棉状结构（400-800 nm）和棒状结构（90-150 nm）。等效电路很好地描述了奈奎斯特图以分离晶粒和晶界效应。根据 Maxwell-Wagner 模型，复介电常数证实了非均匀层的存在；高导电晶粒和低导电晶界。非重叠极性隧穿 (NSPT) 和相关势垒跳跃 (CBH) 是低温和高温下传导机制的两个重要模型。此外，对于跳跃频率和来自归一化参数 Z''/Z'' _{max 的}峰值频率，观察到相同的活化能值和 M''/M'' _max，表明 Li ⁺离子是主要的电荷载流子。LNMO/Li 电池比先前研究中的商用 LNMO/Li 电池提供更高的放电容量，归功于棒状和棉状颗粒之间的桥接特征。