B lymphocytes play a central role in host immune defense. B cell receptor (BCR) signaling regulates survival, proliferation, and differentiation of B lymphocytes. Signaling through the BCR signalosome is a multi-component cascade that is tightly regulated and is important in the coordination of B cell differentiation and function. At different stages of development, B cells that have BCRs recognizing self are eliminated to prevent autoimmunity. microRNAs (miRNAs) are small single-stranded non-coding RNAs that contribute to post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression and have been shown to orchestrate cell fate decisions through the regulation of lineage-specific transcriptional profiles. Studies have identified miRNAs to be crucial for B cell development in the bone marrow and their subsequent population of the peripheral immune system. In this review, we focus on the role of miRNAs in the regulation of BCR signaling as it pertains to B lymphocyte development and function. In particular, we discuss the most recent studies describing the role of miRNAs in the regulation of both early B cell development and peripheral B cell responses and examine the ways by which miRNAs regulate signal downstream of B cell antigen receptor to prevent aberrant activation and autoimmunity.

中文翻译：

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B 细胞受体信号转导的 MicroRNA 调节


B淋巴细胞在宿主免疫防御中发挥着核心作用。 B 细胞受体 (BCR) 信号传导调节 B 淋巴细胞的存活、增殖和分化。通过 BCR 信号体发出的信号是一种受到严格调控的多组分级联，对于 B 细胞分化和功能的协调非常重要。在发育的不同阶段，具有识别自身的 BCR 的 B 细胞会被消除，以防止自身免疫。 microRNA (miRNA) 是小型单链非编码 RNA，有助于基因表达的转录后调节，并已被证明可以通过调节谱系特异性转录谱来协调细胞命运决定。研究已发现 miRNA 对于骨髓中 B 细胞的发育及其随后的外周免疫系统群体至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注 miRNA 在 BCR 信号传导调节中的作用，因为它与 B 淋巴细胞的发育和功能有关。我们特别讨论了最新的研究，这些研究描述了 miRNA 在调节早期 B 细胞发育和外周 B 细胞反应中的作用，并研究了 miRNA 调节 B 细胞抗原受体下游信号以防止异常激活和自身免疫的方式。