Although long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are generally expressed at low levels, emerging evidence has revealed that many play important roles in gene regulation by a variety of mechanisms as they engage with proteins. Given that the abundance of proteins often greatly exceeds that of their interacting lncRNAs, quantification of the relative abundance, or even the exact stoichiometry in some cases, within lncRNA–protein complexes is helpful for understanding of the mechanism(s) of action of lncRNAs. We discuss methods used to examine lncRNA and protein expression at the single cell, subcellular, and suborganelle levels, the average and local lncRNA concentration in cells, as well as how lncRNAs can modulate the functions of their interacting proteins even at a low stoichiometric concentration.

中文翻译：

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lncRNP 中的长链非编码 RNA 和蛋白质丰度

尽管长链非编码 RNA (lncRNA) 通常以低水平表达，但新出现的证据表明，许多长链非编码 RNA (lncRNA) 在与蛋白质结合时通过多种机制在基因调控中发挥重要作用。鉴于蛋白质的丰度通常大大超过与其相互作用的 lncRNA 的丰度，lncRNA-蛋白质复合物中的相对丰度的量化，甚至在某些情况下甚至是精确的化学计量，都有助于理解 lncRNA 的作用机制。我们讨论了用于检查单细胞、亚细胞和亚细胞器水平的 lncRNA 和蛋白质表达的方法、细胞中的平均和局部 lncRNA 浓度，以及 lncRNA 如何调节其相互作用蛋白质的功能，即使在低化学计量浓度下也是如此。