With increasing global pressure on transition to carbon neutrality, various technical and policy efforts such as emission trading scheme and carbon tax are being made to improve energy productivity. Yet, there are not many literatures that analyze determinants of firm-level energy productivity, which is an important issue as energy use in industry accounts for one fourth of global carbon emission. This study investigates factors affecting energy productivity such as technology innovation, environmental policy and energy price based on firm-level data from the Korean Emission Trading Scheme (KETS). The total factor energy productivity is estimated by industry based on stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) and panel data analysis is performed to identify determinants of firm-level energy productivity. The results show that energy productivity in Korea has been improved since 2016, and technical progress and environmental policy play an important role in promoting energy productivity. In addition, analysis identifying industry-specific characteristics is performed as their production process and energy consumptions structures vary. The result shows that innovation activity does not significantly affect energy productivity in process industries, but it does in the assembling and high technology industries. This paper implies that policy design reflecting industry-specific characteristics is important to improve energy efficiency more effectively.

随着全球向碳中和转型的压力越来越大，正在采取各种技术和政策努力，例如排放交易计划和碳税，以提高能源生产率。然而，分析企业层面能源生产力决定因素的文献并不多，这是一个重要问题，因为工业能源使用占全球碳排放量的四分之一。本研究基于韩国排放交易计划 (KETS) 的企业级数据，调查了影响能源生产力的因素，例如技术创新、环境政策和能源价格。全要素能源生产率是基于随机前沿分析 (SFA) 由行业估算的，并通过面板数据分析来确定企业级能源生产率的决定因素。结果表明，韩国的能源生产力自2016年以来有所提高，技术进步和环境政策在促进能源生产力方面发挥着重要作用。此外，随着生产过程和能源消耗结构的变化，进行识别行业特定特征的分析。结果表明，创新活动对加工工业的能源生产率没有显着影响，但在装配和高科技工业中却有显着影响。本文暗示，反映行业特定特征的政策设计对于更有效地提高能源效率很重要。随着生产过程和能源消耗结构的变化，进行识别行业特定特征的分析。结果表明，创新活动对加工工业的能源生产率没有显着影响，但在装配和高科技工业中却有显着影响。本文暗示，反映行业特定特征的政策设计对于更有效地提高能源效率很重要。随着生产过程和能源消耗结构的变化，进行识别行业特定特征的分析。结果表明，创新活动对加工工业的能源生产率没有显着影响，但在装配和高科技工业中却有显着影响。本文暗示，反映行业特定特征的政策设计对于更有效地提高能源效率很重要。