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Road geometry estimation using vehicle trails: a linear mixed model approach
Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-14 , DOI: 10.1080/15472450.2021.1974858
Yi-Chen Zhang 1
Affiliation  

Abstract

In this paper, we propose an estimation algorithm for the shape of the road using trails of leading vehicles via a linear mixed model (LMM) approach. A vehicle trail is essentially the motion trajectory of a vehicle where samples of the historical path are longitudinally collected from the same vehicle at different points in time. Such measurements can be obtained from the fusion system for single or multiple sensor tracking. The aim is to use trails of leading vehicles to depict the road geometry in highway scenarios. The proposed estimation method uses a polynomial-based road model and is built from a LMM, which is one of the most widely used statistical techniques. To avoid the overload of memory usage from trail samples, trail data are first processed by the newly developed compression and chopping mechanisms before being imported into the LMM framework. Moreover, the profile likelihood function is used to alleviate the computational burden and reduce the number of iterations in the Newton-Raphson algorithm in the LMM. Finally, the proposed method is then evaluated by two publicly available next generation simulation (NGSIM) datasets. The large-scale simulation results show that the road shape estimated by the proposed method has the root mean square error (RMSE) less than 0.5 meters in average for all ranges compared with the ground truth road shape. This suggests that our method provides an accurate road shape estimation and captures the shape of the road successfully.



中文翻译:

使用车辆轨迹的道路几何估计:线性混合模型方法

摘要

在本文中,我们提出了一种通过线性混合模型 (LMM) 方法使用领先车辆的轨迹来估计道路形状的算法。车辆轨迹本质上是车辆的运动轨迹,其中历史路径的样本是在不同时间点从同一车辆纵向收集的。这样的测量可以从用于单个或多个传感器跟踪的融合系统获得。目的是使用领先车辆的轨迹来描绘高速公路场景中的道路几何形状。所提出的估计方法使用基于多项式的道路模型,并从 LMM 构建,这是使用最广泛的统计技术之一。为了避免跟踪样本的内存使用过载,在导入 LMM 框架之前,trail 数据首先由新开发的压缩和斩波机制处理。此外,轮廓似然函数用于减轻LMM中Newton-Raphson算法的计算负担并减少迭代次数。最后,然后通过两个公开可用的下一代模拟 (NGSIM) 数据集对所提出的方法进行评估。大规模仿真结果表明,与地面真实道路形状相比,所提出方法估计的道路形状在所有范围内的均方根误差(RMSE)平均小于0.5米。这表明我们的方法提供了准确的道路形状估计并成功地捕获了道路的形状。轮廓似然函数用于减轻LMM中Newton-Raphson算法的计算负担和减少迭代次数。最后,然后通过两个公开可用的下一代模拟 (NGSIM) 数据集对所提出的方法进行评估。大规模仿真结果表明,与地面真实道路形状相比,所提出方法估计的道路形状在所有范围内的均方根误差(RMSE)平均小于0.5米。这表明我们的方法提供了准确的道路形状估计并成功地捕获了道路的形状。轮廓似然函数用于减轻LMM中Newton-Raphson算法的计算负担和减少迭代次数。最后,然后通过两个公开可用的下一代模拟 (NGSIM) 数据集对所提出的方法进行评估。大规模仿真结果表明,与地面真实道路形状相比,所提出方法估计的道路形状在所有范围内的均方根误差(RMSE)平均小于0.5米。这表明我们的方法提供了准确的道路形状估计并成功地捕获了道路的形状。大规模仿真结果表明,与地面真实道路形状相比,所提出方法估计的道路形状在所有范围内的均方根误差(RMSE)平均小于0.5米。这表明我们的方法提供了准确的道路形状估计并成功地捕获了道路的形状。大规模仿真结果表明,与地面真实道路形状相比,所提出方法估计的道路形状在所有范围内的均方根误差(RMSE)平均小于0.5米。这表明我们的方法提供了准确的道路形状估计并成功地捕获了道路的形状。

更新日期:2021-09-14
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