Importance Chlamydia and gonorrhea are among the most common sexually transmitted infections in the US. Infection rates are highest among adolescents and young adults of both sexes. Chlamydial and gonococcal infections in women are usually asymptomatic and may lead to pelvic inflammatory disease and its associated complications. Newborns of pregnant persons with untreated infection may develop neonatal chlamydial pneumonia or gonococcal or chlamydial ophthalmia. Infection in men may lead to urethritis and epididymitis. Both types of infection can increase risk of acquiring or transmitting HIV. Objective To update its 2014 recommendation, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) commissioned a systematic review to evaluate the benefits and harms of screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea in sexually active adolescents and adults, including pregnant persons. Population Asymptomatic, sexually active adolescents and adults, including pregnant persons. Evidence Assessment The USPSTF concludes with moderate certainty that screening for chlamydia in all sexually active women 24 years or younger and in women 25 years or older who are at increased risk for infection has moderate net benefit. The USPSTF concludes with moderate certainty that screening for gonorrhea in all sexually active women 24 years or younger and in women 25 years or older who are at increased risk for infection has moderate net benefit. The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea in men. Recommendation The USPSTF recommends screening for chlamydia in all sexually active women 24 years or younger and in women 25 years or older who are at increased risk for infection. (B recommendation) The USPSTF recommends screening for gonorrhea in all sexually active women 24 years or younger and in women 25 years or older who are at increased risk for infection. (B recommendation) The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea in men. (I statement).

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衣原体和淋病筛查：美国预防服务工作组推荐声明。

重要性 衣原体和淋病是美国最常见的性传播疾病。青少年和青年男女的感染率最高。女性的衣原体和淋球菌感染通常无症状，可能导致盆腔炎及其相关并发症。感染未经治疗的孕妇的新生儿可能会发展为新生儿衣原体肺炎或淋球菌或衣原体眼炎。男性感染可能导致尿道炎和附睾炎。这两种类型的感染都会增加感染或传播 HIV 的风险。目的 为了更新其 2014 年的建议，美国预防服务工作组 (USPSTF) 委托进行了一项系统审查，以评估在性活跃的青少年和成人中筛查衣原体和淋病的益处和危害，包括孕妇。人群 无症状、性活跃的青少年和成人，包括孕妇。证据评估 USPSTF 以中等确定性得出结论，对所有 24 岁或以下性活跃的女性和 25 岁或以上感染风险增加的女性进行衣原体筛查具有中等净收益。USPSTF 以中等确定性得出结论，对所有 24 岁或以下性活跃的女性和 25 岁或以上感染风险增加的女性进行淋病筛查具有中等净收益。USPSTF 的结论是，目前的证据不足以评估男性衣原体和淋病筛查的利弊平衡。建议 USPSTF 建议对所有 24 岁或以下性活跃的女性和 25 岁或以上感染风险增加的女性进行衣原体筛查。（B 建议） USPSTF 建议对所有 24 岁或以下性活跃的女性和 25 岁或以上感染风险增加的女性进行淋病筛查。（B 推荐） USPSTF 得出结论，目前的证据不足以评估男性衣原体和淋病筛查的利弊平衡。（我声明）。（B 推荐） USPSTF 得出结论，目前的证据不足以评估男性衣原体和淋病筛查的利弊平衡。（我声明）。（B 推荐） USPSTF 得出结论，目前的证据不足以评估男性衣原体和淋病筛查的利弊平衡。（我声明）。