Adult gyrification provides a window into coordinated early neurodevelopment when disruptions predispose individuals to psychiatric illness. We hypothesized that the echoes of such disruptions should be observed within structural gyrification networks in early psychiatric illness that would demonstrate associations with developmentally relevant variables rather than specific psychiatric symptoms. We employed a new data-driven method (Orthogonal Projective Non-Negative Matrix Factorization) to delineate novel gyrification-based networks of structural covariance in 308 healthy controls. Gyrification within the networks was then compared to 713 patients with recent onset psychosis or depression, and at clinical high-risk. Associations with diagnosis, symptoms, cognition, and functioning were investigated using linear models. Results demonstrated 18 novel gyrification networks in controls as verified by internal and external validation. Gyrification was reduced in patients in temporal-insular, lateral occipital, and lateral fronto-parietal networks (p^FDR < 0.01) and was not moderated by illness group. Higher gyrification was associated with better cognitive performance and lifetime role functioning, but not with symptoms. The findings demonstrated that gyrification can be parsed into novel brain networks that highlight generalized illness effects linked to developmental vulnerability. When combined, our study widens the window into the etiology of psychiatric risk and its expression in adulthood.

中文翻译：

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新型 Gyrification 网络揭示了早期疾病与精神病学风险因素的联系

当干扰使个体易患精神疾病时，成人回旋为协调早期神经发育提供了一个窗口。我们假设这种中断的回声应该在早期精神疾病的结构性回转网络中观察到，这将证明与发育相关变量而不是特定的精神症状相关。我们采用了一种新的数据驱动方法（正交投影非负矩阵分解）来描绘 308 名健康对照中基于旋转的新型结构协方差网络。然后将网络内的回转与 713 名最近发作的精神病或抑郁症患者进行比较，并处于临床高危状态。使用线性模型研究与诊断、症状、认知和功能的关联。结果表明，对照中的 18 个新型旋转网络已通过内部和外部验证进行验证。颞叶、枕外侧和额顶外侧网络患者的回旋减少（p^FDR  < 0.01) 并且不受疾病组的影响。较高的回旋与更好的认知表现和终身角色功能相关，但与症状无关。研究结果表明，gyrification 可以被解析为新的大脑网络，这些网络突出了与发育脆弱性相关的普遍疾病影响。结合起来，我们的研究拓宽了了解精神疾病风险的病因及其在成年期的表现的窗口。