Recently discovered SARS-CoV-2 caused a pandemic that triggered researchers worldwide to focus their research on all aspects of this new peril to humanity. However, in the absence of specific therapeutic intervention, some preventive strategies and supportive treatment minimize the viral transmission as studied by some factors such as basic reproduction number, case fatality rate, and incubation period in the epidemiology of viral diseases. This review briefly discusses coronaviruses' life cycle of SARS-CoV-2 in a human host cell and preventive strategies at some selected source of infection. The antiviral activities of synthetic and natural polymers such as chitosan, hydrophobically modified chitosan, galactosylated chitosan, amine-based dendrimers, cyclodextrin, carrageenans, polyethyleneimine, nanoparticles are highlighted in this article. Mechanism of virus inhibition, detection and diagnosis are also presented. It also suggests that polymeric materials and nanoparticles can be effective as potential inhibitors and immunization against coronaviruses which would further develop new technologies in the field of polymer and nanoscience.

最近发现的 SARS-CoV-2 引发了一场大流行，促使世界各地的研究人员将研究重点放在这一人类新危险的各个方面。然而，根据病毒性疾病流行病学中的基本繁殖数、病死率和潜伏期等因素的研究，在缺乏特异性治疗干预的情况下，一些预防策略和支持性治疗可以最大限度地减少病毒传播。本综述简要讨论了冠状病毒 SARS-CoV-2 在人类宿主细胞中的生命周期以及某些选定感染源的预防策略。本文重点介绍了合成和天然聚合物的抗病毒活性，例如壳聚糖、疏水改性壳聚糖、半乳糖基化壳聚糖、胺基树枝状聚合物、环糊精、角叉菜胶、聚乙烯亚胺、纳米颗粒。还介绍了病毒抑制、检测和诊断的机制。它还表明聚合物材料和纳米颗粒可以有效地作为冠状病毒的潜在抑制剂和免疫剂，这将进一步开发聚合物和纳米科学领域的新技术。