In this SARS-COV2-pandemic, diabetes mellitus (DM) soon emerged as one of the most prominent risk factors for a severe course of corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and increased mortality due to hyperglycemia/insulin resistance, obesity, inflammation, altered immune status, and cardiovascular complications. In general, men are at a higher risk of severe or fatal COVID-19 disease irrespective of age, region and despite comparable infection rates in both sexes. In COVID-19, there is also a male predominance among hospitalized patients with diabetes, however, overall, data among patients with diabetes are ambiguous so far. Of note, similar to cardiovascular complications, women with type 2 diabetes (DM2) appear to lose their biological female advantage resulting in comparable death rates to those of men. The complex interplay of biological and behavioral factors, which may put men at greater risk of a severe or fatal course of COVID-19, and gender-related psychosocial factors, which may cause disadvantage to women concerning the infection rates, might explain why sex-disaggregated data among infected patients with diabetes are conflicting. Better knowledge on biological factors leading to functionally different immune responses and of gender-sensitive sociocultural determinants of COVID-19 infection rates may help to optimize prevention and management in the high-risk groups of men and women with diabetes.

在这场 SARS-COV2 大流行中，糖尿病 (DM) 很快成为 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 严重病程的最突出危险因素之一，并且由于高血糖/胰岛素抵抗、肥胖、炎症、免疫状态改变和心血管并发症。一般来说，无论年龄、地区如何，尽管两性感染率相当，男性患严重或致命 COVID-19 疾病的风险更高。在 COVID-19 中，住院糖尿病患者中也有男性占优势，但总体而言，到目前为止，糖尿病患者的数据尚不明确。值得注意的是，与心血管并发症类似，患有 2 型糖尿病 (DM2) 的女性似乎失去了女性生物学优势，导致死亡率与男性相当。生物和行为因素的复杂相互作用可能使男性面临更大的 COVID-19 严重或致命病程的风险，而性别相关的心理社会因素可能导致女性在感染率方面处于不利地位，这可能解释了为什么性受感染的糖尿病患者的分类数据相互矛盾。更好地了解导致功能不同的免疫反应的生物学因素和 COVID-19 感染率的性别敏感社会文化决定因素可能有助于优化糖尿病男性和女性高危人群的预防和管理。可能解释了为什么糖尿病感染患者中按性别分列的数据是相互矛盾的。更好地了解导致功能不同的免疫反应的生物学因素和 COVID-19 感染率的性别敏感社会文化决定因素可能有助于优化糖尿病男性和女性高危人群的预防和管理。可能解释了为什么糖尿病感染患者中按性别分列的数据是相互矛盾的。更好地了解导致功能不同的免疫反应的生物学因素和 COVID-19 感染率的性别敏感社会文化决定因素可能有助于优化糖尿病男性和女性高危人群的预防和管理。