Friendships with members of our own group (ingroup) and other groups (outgroups) shape our attitudes toward outgroups. Research on intergroup contact has shown that the numbers of outgroup and ingroup friends we have influence our outgroup attitudes, whereas research on socialization has shown that the attitudes held by our friends influence our outgroup attitudes. Past research, however, examined these processes in isolation, which precludes discerning whether having friends, or the attitudes held by our friends, are both important in shaping our outgroup attitudes, and, if so, which is more important. To disentangle these effects, we conducted a 5-wave social network study in 2 ethnically diverse schools (N = 1,170 students). By applying a novel longitudinal coevolution model, we were able to separate the effects of having ingroup and outgroup friends (contact effects), and the effects of those friends' attitudes (socialization effects), on individuals' outgroup attitudes, while controlling for friendship selection processes. In so doing, we found that it is principally the attitudes of ingroup friends-not outgroup friends' attitudes or having ingroup and outgroup friends alone-that predict individuals' outgroup attitudes. Our findings have important theoretical implications, as we demonstrate that combining the divergent approaches of intergroup contact and socialization enables us to better understand outgroup attitude development. Our findings also have practical implications, as we show that, even in diverse environments, individuals rely primarily on friends from their own group to inform their attitudes toward other groups. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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解开接触和社会化对不同友谊网络中外群体态度的影响。

与我们自己的群体（内群体）和其他群体（外群体）成员的友谊塑造了我们对外群体的态度。对群际接触的研究表明，我们拥有的外群和内群朋友的数量会影响我们的外群态度，而对社会化的研究表明，我们的朋友所持有的态度会影响我们的外群态度。然而，过去的研究孤立地检查了这些过程，这排除了辨别是否拥有朋友或我们的朋友所持有的态度对塑造我们的外群体态度都很重要，如果是，那么哪个更重要。为了理清这些影响，我们在 2 所不同种族的学校（N = 1,170 名学生）中进行了 5 波社交网络研究。通过应用一种新的纵向协同进化模型，我们能够区分拥有群内和外群朋友的影响（接触效应），以及这些朋友的态度（社会化效应）对个人外群态度的影响，同时控制友谊选择过程。在这样做的过程中，我们发现主要是内群体朋友的态度——而不是外群体朋友的态度或单独拥有内群体和外群体朋友——来预测个人的外群体态度。我们的研究结果具有重要的理论意义，因为我们证明了将群体间接触和社会化的不同方法结合起来，使我们能够更好地理解外群体态度的发展。我们的发现也具有实际意义，因为我们表明，即使在不同的环境中，个人主要依靠自己群体的朋友来了解他们对其他群体的态度。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA，保留所有权利）。